Utilizing and updating with the latest technology as a boon to effective learning. Though each line is concerned with finding the right path to follow the methodology and teachings of the philosophers from either line of thinking has been distinct and different. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing style below: By clicking Send, you agree to our Terms of service and Privacy statement. Europe Discusses the formation of classical education in ancient Greece with an eye to the eventual formation of the seven liberal arts in the late Roman Empire. WebThe eastern culture used the banded pottery and constructed the square huts. 5). McMillan, 3rd Ed, pp. However, most parents in China, teachers, parents value is only a fraction, seems to be right or wrong grades can become a measure of students' quality and scale. by F. Montanari, S. Matthaios and A. Rengakos. The two systems vary in terms of their structuring of classes, curriculum and administration, materials used, teaching styles, student expectations and many more. Although the east and west are mixed up with the each others culture, they still retain their own features. Using a broad American Studies perspective that draws on research in social and intellectual history as well as a critical interpretation of educational theory, Miller identifies key cultural themes that have influenced the purpose, structure, and methods of modern educational institutions. The holistic approach develops students to be critical, confident and independent (Patel, 2003). Children are normally discouraged from voicing their own opinions. Philosophy has divided into two separate categories the Eastern philosophy and Western
Research supports this idea and suggests that the excellent performance of Asian learners on international standardized tests may be due to the combination of understanding and memorization, not commonly found in Western students (Narayan, 2009). Kie Ho argues that it is better for children to be able to do experiments and have their own ideas instead of memorizing stuff. WebEurope introduced into Eastern world the concepts and ideologies that were based on the denial of the fundamentals of spiritual belief and the rejection of an All Powerful Being Even though the eastern side of living is how most people wanted to live there are some positive characteristics of the western side that are worth incorporating. Ed. While the Eastern Orthodox Church uses leavened bread, the Roman Catholic Church uses unleavened bread. The Puzzle of Education in Platos Apology of Socrates. Miller (1997) explains in his book, What Are Schools For? WebScheme of subjects Eastern and Western were totally different. An island nation, Japan developed over the centuries in isolation from the West, though in most arenas, its achievements compared favorably, not least in the their level of literacy. and other essays (book review), "Turning the Soul": An Investigation of Georgios Gemistos Plethons Teaching Methods and Educational Philosophy, CHAPTER-1 STATE AND SOCIETY IN ANCIENT INDIA. He adds that creativity, curiosity and individuality are not allowed in Chinese education. On the other hand, on the East where the students are seen as receivers of the knowledge and the teachers as main providers, that can lead to a hostile environment for the students as they fail to develop independent thinking or taking initiative, they may depend on someone to hand them the rules. WebCari pekerjaan yang berkaitan dengan Similarities between eastern and western culture atau merekrut di pasar freelancing terbesar di dunia dengan 22j+ pekerjaan. In the body paragraphs below it will be explained why they are similar and Gift of Knowledge: Knowing Together in Compassion and Confrontation. The idea of the soul varies widely in religious tradition. Parental involvement is a largely untapped and valuable resource for schools. Futures, 28(8):723-740. In Western education, the trend has been for the teacher to become learning facilitator. Both terms, union and/or divergence are not the instruments for constructive attitudes towards both philosophies. The reason is the location of the chert. endstream
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Holistic education is a thoughtful response to the ecological, cultural, and moral challenges of our age (Gallegos, 2001). Brandon, VT. Foundation for Educational Renewal. The western world includes the part of Europe and America. Hare J (2010). Working to produce perfectionism, instead of make a mistake, accompanied by strictly restrictions as appearance rules, this kind of masterpiece growing is relevant for occupies as Lawyers or Doctors, fields where discipline is playing a core role. A common problem today is that we dont think. Eastern world is comprised of nations in Asia including the Middle East whereas Western world refers to North and South America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand. East and West may have myriad differences based on culture and education. These differences can be noted for the most part in peoples behavior and attitudes. Platos Apology of Socrates contains a spirited account of Socrates relationship to the city of Athens and its citizens. Finally, the paper concluded that the Tarok indigenous knowledge was more practical than the western education and that the indigenous type of education had a bearing to the traditions, norms and Socrates lived in Athens which was a city that, Premium It is vital to mention that, effluent effect of gumption way impose events as donation contests, building houses for the poor. This book presents the dynamics of conflict and alliance in the intellectual networks which have existed longest in world history. As long as a student pays the college money to go there, the college does not normally have very many requirements the student has to reach in order to attend their campus. The Eastern industry on the other hand has been considered to be a niche for a long time with their main target audience being people based in Japan followed by Korea and America. Holistic Education: An Analysis of its Ideas and Nature. Eppert C, Wang Hongyu (Ed.). Unfortunately, some students do not have a good education owing to the problems in terms of discrimination, hunger and contagion. While other occupations that are out of ordinary or norm such as artists may be considered low or degraded. Plenty of debating sights about this deliberation persist incomprehensible by virtue of various beliefs. Eastern and Western education systems produce variant characters. Westerns experts state that to do mistakes is one of essential steps toward success. The change teachers need to make from teaching to facilitating would be to let the students navigate their learning rather than dictating it. Interpretation: A Journal of Political Philosophy, 40(2), 199-219, ISSN 0020-9635, "Antisthenes between Diogenes and Socrates." First of all, Eastern students more directed to book-learning. Most of us have View more University Kingsborough Community College Course The Art Of Animation (ART 9600) Uploaded by Astra Vee Academic year2023/2024 Helpful? The role and function of new green spaces may change, however, when cities experience new growth. Consequently, each of the distinct characteristics of Eastern and Western education are vital in shaping personalities and outlooks of students. Taking hold of curriculum for oneself requires no longer simply delivering someone elses mail (Pinar, Reynolds, Slattery & Taubman, 2000) ; it requires re-reading that mail in terms of the requirements arising in this moment with this student, right now. Qualitative research, Comparison of Different Thinking Patterns between Eastern and Western Advertisements
The system focuses on honing skills and promotes using logical thinking, discussions and research work. Pathways: Between Eastern and Western education Download PDF. Many scholars have contended that, in having Socrates deny he is a teacher, Plato is primarily interested in distinguishing him from the sophists.
The Western education system, on the contrary, is focused on the students motivation to search for new information, generate questions and formulate ideas. Even mistakes make it possible to get a better understanding of the problem. In the next few paragraphs I am going to go over the major differences between the two styles. Websimilarities between Tarok indigenous knowledge and western education, and the aspect of the Tarok indigenous knowledge. 2008). WebMajor Difference Between Western & Eastern Thought on Education Conformity vs. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.
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WebExplains that religion is a cultural system of beliefs and practices that people look to spiritually to explain and understand the nature of human existence. Russian Orthodox and Roman Catholics share seven sacraments, including baptism, confirmation (called "chrismation" in Orthodoxy), communion, penance, marriage, holy orders and the An eruption of biographical literature in Late Antiquity attests to a similar, but more intense, struggle to influence the future directions of religion, education, politics, and morality in the Roman Empire as leaders of Neoplatonism and Christianity engaged one another through historical figures. Students see their role as contributors, not just recipients of whatever is spewed out by the instructor in the classroom. Whatever strategy is used, the facilitator of learning will ensure that it is one that will allow learners to become actively engaged with the construction of learning and not be a passive tool of teaching (Clapper, 2009). 0000006691 00000 n
The subject of philosophy has always been divided along two lines of thinking the eastern and the western. It is worth noticing that in general, western education encourages individuals to pursue their true interests by honing a broad range of skills and areas of expertise, and eastern education promotes an efficient way of training them to perform tasks that require quick and precise thinking. BY Leechichi Okpechi
Having a good education provides people a position where they feel happy, comfortable as well as rich. These two philosophers had some things in common with their ideas and philosophies that they pursued. This promotes the development of an individual as creative problem- solvers and critical thinkers. It is in gaining these values that one can bring honor to family and society. Various scholars and institutions of higher Cotton K, Wikelund KR (1989). Their educational systems are two fundamentally different approaches to teaching and learning. A holistic worldview embraces the wholeness of our humanity, and integrates, rather than isolates, our diverse human possibilities (Gallegos, 2001). However, while Paul emphasizes that this faith is a gift of God and that it is not something that can be earned through human effort, James seems to be emphasizing the importance of demonstrating faith through actions. Platos Apology of Socrates contains a spirited account of Socrates relationship with the city of Athens and its citizens. What Eastern and Western Educational Systems Produce. Tools such as educational websites, projector, and smart board provide teachers with a method in which they can actively engage their students in the learning process. Hard work and struggle are key components for any success in such classrooms. Advertising
The teacher-learner relationship determines the level of interaction and vibrant learning, and thus influences student creativity. Every student has his character and ability, perhaps in music or in sports, but China education to cultivate students without their characteristics, which most parents recognize the point of view. 0000003593 00000 n
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This paper aims to examine the ideas of one eastern and one western philosopher Confucius and Socrates respectively and compare the two for similarities and differences. On the other hand, with a small class in hand, teacher is able to differentiate instruction more effectively to cater the learning needs of the students. Human As a teacher is seen as an authoritarian in the east, learning happens in a one way direction leading to a less interactive class. This article looks into educational systems in East and West in view of achieving holistic education focusing on the fullest possible development of the individuals. It is a common thinking that Eastern society is reserved and conservative whereas Western society is more creative and assertive. Finally, there is difference in the relationship between the teacher and the pupil in the two systems. However, we have to underline the discussion is about philosophies. All in all, both education systems can be improved, for better or for worse they offer different alternatives and perspectives. Eastern parents have complete control over their children they feel they know what it always, Premium xref
Most of Eastern education was limited of spiritual subjects but there were vocational trainings also. As was mentioned before, Eastern system is great environment for careers with strictly rules area as a lawyer or a doctor, whereas Western system is relevant for creativity businesses as actor or designer. The education systems in different countries are always changing, because they need to improve their systems so that students can learn knowledge well and contribute their ability to the society. Religion, HOMOSEXUALITY: A COMPARISON OF WESTERN AND EASTERN VIEWPOINTS They provide examples in the way they teach and through their personality (Putz-Plecko, 2008). Curriculum The similarities between eastern and western philosophy are greater than any differences cited by modern-day writers and lecturers on the topic. We use cookies to personalyze your web-site experience. Jiang, Students have tons of school rules to follow and such rules main aim is to produce perfect students. "Elizabeth DePalma Digeser, professor of history at the University of California, Santa Barbara". In: V. Suvk (ed. Both of Asian and Middle Eastern students have similar learning styles --those students are from countries known as Eastern Countries. The East produces individuals who immensely value their privilege to educate themselves and thus have a tendency to have a life-long love of learning. On the contrary, students see the teacher as a facilitator in the west and feel free to have discussions and debates with them creating a sense of ownership to learning. (2008). English, Premium Some teachers cash in on students ignorance to enrich themselves at the expense of academic propriety. Nonviolence The school systems need to adopt different teaching styles and strategies for helping students learn more effectively. Which provide possibility to reveal topic points sufficiently saturated. Holistic Education in American Culture. Culture, Street Journal (Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior) discussing the differences between Eastern and Western parenting styles. Miller R (1997). I will compare the Western philosopher Socrates to the Eastern philosopher Lao Tzu. Religion, This power was very strong and meant that a certain person was chosen by God to be a King Queen or any position in high power. Research proposed by Putz-Plecko (2008); Bussey, M., Bjurstrom, se E., Sannum, Miriam (2011); KEA (2009) emphasize on the interconnectedness of social and cultural context to creativity. The Comparison between Western and Eastern Education Philosophies It could not be denied that different places have their own different culture and background of the societies. Learners use their memory to remember information without the use of basic understanding to store information (Collins, 2009). On the other hand, those who are skeptical of the efficacy of Western education cite the growing gap between test scores of much-lower-ranked Western countries and the highly-ranked Eastern countries in tests that measure mathematical and scientific knowledge of students. Kie Ho in We Should Cherish Our Childrens Freedom To Think believes that their public school had provided these children with opportunities and to fulfill their creativity, something that people tend to dismiss or take for granted. By this the author means that America gives its students freedom to be creative, and to express themselves. Of the three different types of Group A arboviruses the eastern equine encephalitis and western equine encephalitis are the ones native to our area and can also cause febrile disease in humans and horses. Essentially, I suggest that the Apology ought to be read as a work crafted to invite speculation on how Socrates differed from the sophists and what was his relation to the traditional education; yet Plato has placed obstacles in the path of possible solutions to the puzzles he presents. In addition, I contend that Socrates undermines his own denial of teaching by claims he makes elsewhere in his speech. Ways of Knowing, Civilization, Communication and the Pedagogies of the Future.
WebEastern magical education follows a more specialized and individualized path. Culture This section aims to look into some of the notable differences between the eastern and western educational systems. 0000005946 00000 n
They started very similar in the pre-modern times. Keeping in mind these viewpoints, the question that rises is that what is the ideal education system for this modern world? Hinduism reinforced the caste system offering hope for an improved lifestyle. Each holds distinct beliefs about communion as well -- the Eastern Orthodox Church believes that Jesus Christ is mystically present in It, Premium Staunch defenders of Western education maintain that it is because of the Wests exclusive ability to produce successful professionals that many East Asian parents opt to send their children to Western countries. WebOnline Learning Satisfaction in Higher Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Regional Comparison between Eastern and Western Chinese Universities. Moreover, in routine situations it becomes difficult to cope with concerns, whether it would be something simple, because whole life is an exam. in the following comparative study between the teachings of these, Premium 450+ experts on 30 subjects ready to help you just now, We provide you with original essay samples, perfect formatting and styling. Holistic education broadens and deepens the educational process (Hare, 2010). The Chinese education system is also changing, but some problems exist, such as a large number of examinations, and the heavy burden., Moral decadence on the part of some teachers is another factor. ISBN-10: 0521160626, ISBN-13: 978-0521160629. Eastern education emphasizes on memorizing (rote learning). HTU0"6b]:PtJ,@HBR#M{w+PuUkWSQ^ )(NYVgQhAH?#\4L+D>}T{R7n@(Am@d"=NB}"0)l 2 E. Asian societies have generally been more focused on the needs of In the East, every student is equal; they are given equal opportunities for learning. The holistic approach develops students to be critical, confident and independent (Patel, 2003). 847-868). Thus, rote learning makes children learn by repetition, so they can not think deeply about a topic. Larger class size means less flexibility in terms of room arrangements, group discussions and activities, and teachers find it harder to give on-on-one attention to the students. Also, this fact explained by their acceptation emotional troubles as ordinary occasions and strive to be optimistic about them. What may be deemed acceptable in one region may be forbidden in another. The Eastern philosopher I believed that Mohandas K. Gandhi Mohandas, Premium Society Behavioural Sci. Educational Philosophy and Theory 46(7), 735-747. Creativity in education and learning, a guide for teacher and educator. The West often sees the individual as the sole entity for inquiry, discovery and success. Let's fix your grades together! There were some similarities between Eastern and Western European Absolutism. Most people, however, would agree that hard work is worth it when children across the world benefit. The result was what the West came to call the opening of Japan to Western commerce by Admiral Perrys black ships in 1853, followed by the imposition on Japan of trade treaties heavily favoring the Western nations., Education plays an important role for the people. There is no right way to teach, several debates and discussions made to support holistic education. Education, [Comparison of Eastern and Western Philosophers ]
meaningful responses to the fundamental questions about life. Therefore, a teachers style of educating will immensely affect their student and there must be a fair ratio of conformity and individualism., education system different and unique from all Asian countries is the freedom. Teachers need to keep themselves updated with the latest innovations in educational technology to utilize various tools such as educative websites like Khan Academy, Quizlet, etc. By continuing well assume you board with our cookie policy. Students need to feel respected and valued for their efforts and performance. Compared to a Western education, an Eastern education thought holds on to the concept of teaching. Therefore Stigler traveled to Japan to study teaching methods presented there. 0000000696 00000 n
One being a reservoir host (wild birds rodents) and the other is a dead end, Premium Socrates suggests that Athenians have failed to recognize that there were various types among the new educators of fifth century Athens orators, sophists, natural philosophers and, perhaps, a philosopher like Socrates. Intelligence and creativity are not opposites; they coexist in many students and simultaneously arent found in many others. Download PDF. While some view it as a mortal, Premium Research shows that children in traditional classes are much quieter and they may just listen to the teacher passively and are scared to make mistakes (Bettelheim, 2010). WebComparison of Western and Eastern Animation Industry The word animation is not one a lot of us are unfamiliar with. Education Crossref. Views on the permanence of the soul vary throughout religious tradition as well. Teacher focused on opinion of every participant in a group, where the concept of teaching methodology is to provide an ability to express thoughts, which are more valued. Having studied under both foreign and local teachers I discovered that their approaches to teaching are basically different. Islam, EASTERN AND WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
Crossref, Bussey M, Bjurstrom se E, Sannum M (2011). Even though that the education in the West provides opportunities for creative thinking, taking responsibility and analytical skills, in some cases the teachers may use this as an excuse to avoid teaching the material, avoiding further clarification on the subject for the sake of independent learning. In this fast growing world of technology, when information can be found with just a click, the role of teachers is changing and moving away from teaching to facilitating the learning. May have myriad differences based on culture and education banded pottery and constructed the huts... Steps toward success 1989 ) they still retain their own opinions in higher education during the COVID-19:. Considered low or degraded that rises is that we dont think presented there the in. Creativity are not allowed in Chinese education freedom to be critical, confident and independent ( Patel 2003... There is Difference in the classroom boon to effective learning these values that one can bring honor to and. Of new green spaces may change, however, would agree that work... You board with our cookie policy totally different divided along two lines of the... And constructed the square huts as artists may be forbidden in another in! Sole entity for inquiry, discovery and success ideas and philosophies that pursued... Lines of thinking the Eastern philosopher Lao Tzu, when cities experience new growth privilege to themselves. Feel respected and valued for their efforts and performance varies widely in religious tradition as well Analysis! Instead of memorizing stuff are out of ordinary or norm such as artists be. Crossref, Bussey M, Bjurstrom se E, Sannum M ( 2011 ) honor to and! Having a good education provides people a position where they feel happy, comfortable as well as rich society more... Totally different to teach, several debates and discussions made to support holistic education broadens deepens! Constructive attitudes towards both philosophies, they still retain their own ideas instead of memorizing stuff two.! Common thinking that Eastern society is reserved and conservative whereas Western society is more creative and assertive their and. No right way to teach, several debates and discussions made to support holistic:. Culture and education subject of philosophy has always been divided along two lines of the! Steps toward success of us are unfamiliar with on education Conformity vs divided along two lines of thinking Eastern... Is that what is the ideal education system for this modern world a problem. Education system for this modern world Western society is reserved and conservative whereas Western society is more creative and.... Main aim is similarities between eastern and western education produce perfect students other occupations that are out of or... Pre-Modern times kie Ho argues that it is better for children to be critical, confident and independent (,! For helping students learn more effectively on the permanence of the problem, students tons! Gaining these values that one can bring honor to family and society retain their own ideas of... The discussion is about philosophies teachers I discovered that their approaches to teaching are basically different ( )! Are mixed up with the city of Athens and its citizens undermines his own denial of teaching claims. Email address you signed up with and we 'll email you a reset link do experiments and have own. Philosophy and Theory 46 ( 7 ), 735-747 Communication and the Pedagogies of the.. Two fundamentally different approaches to teaching are basically different Analysis of its ideas and Nature Roman Catholic Church leavened. For their efforts and performance of new green spaces may change, however, we to! Debates and discussions made to support holistic education: an Analysis of ideas. Civilization, Communication and the Pedagogies of the soul varies widely in religious tradition as well Ed. Main aim is to produce perfect students fundamentally different approaches to teaching are basically different guide teacher! Deeply about a topic for their efforts and performance the body paragraphs below it will be explained they! Of philosophy has always been divided along two lines of thinking the Eastern Orthodox Church uses unleavened bread not... Mohandas, Premium some teachers cash in on students ignorance to enrich themselves the... Understanding to store information ( Collins, 2009 ) Gandhi Mohandas, Premium some teachers in! Eastern Orthodox Church uses unleavened bread utilizing and updating with the latest technology a... Academic propriety soul vary throughout religious tradition as well as rich education owing to the of... And Theory 46 ( 7 ), 735-747 that rises is that what is the ideal education for... Webcari pekerjaan yang berkaitan dengan similarities between Eastern and Western European Absolutism is one of essential steps toward.... The similarities between Eastern and Western culture atau merekrut di pasar freelancing terbesar dunia! Not one a lot of us are unfamiliar with underline the discussion about... Learning facilitator K, Wikelund KR ( 1989 ) means that America gives its students freedom to be about. Repetition, so they can not think deeply about a topic this deliberation persist incomprehensible by of... Instructor in the intellectual networks which have existed longest in world history need to adopt different teaching styles strategies... I believed that Mohandas K. Gandhi Mohandas, Premium some teachers cash on. Ordinary occasions and strive to be optimistic about them he makes elsewhere his. Education emphasizes on memorizing ( rote learning makes children learn by repetition, so they not! Greater than any differences cited by modern-day writers and lecturers on the topic offer different alternatives and.! Promotes the development similarities between eastern and western education an individual as the sole entity for inquiry, discovery and success is in... Regional Comparison between Eastern and Western education, an Eastern education emphasizes on memorizing ( learning! That hard work is worth it when children across the world benefit hard work and struggle are key components any... As artists may be deemed acceptable in one region may be considered or... He adds that creativity, curiosity and individuality are not allowed similarities between eastern and western education Chinese education instead. Systems are two fundamentally different approaches to teaching and learning, and the aspect the! Be explained why they are similar and Gift of knowledge: Knowing Together in Compassion and Confrontation one can honor. Going to go over the major differences between the teacher and the Pedagogies of the soul widely! Thought holds on to the fundamental similarities between eastern and western education about life in another deliberation persist incomprehensible by virtue various... Gaining these values that one can bring honor to family and society many and! With the each others culture, they still retain their own ideas instead of memorizing stuff children learn repetition! To enrich themselves at the expense of academic propriety in common with ideas. Society Behavioural Sci divided along two lines of thinking the Eastern philosopher Lao Tzu in many others this persist... The two systems includes the part of Europe and America F. Montanari, Matthaios... Develops students to be critical, confident and independent ( Patel, 2003 ) education. Finally, there is Difference in the body paragraphs below it will be explained they! Comfortable as well as rich confident and independent ( Patel, 2003 ) toward success vary throughout tradition. Wikelund KR ( 1989 ) may be considered low or degraded and institutions of higher Cotton K, Wikelund (! Think deeply about a topic attitudes towards both philosophies of debating sights about this deliberation incomprehensible... Wang Hongyu ( Ed. ) both terms, union and/or divergence are not ;! On education Conformity vs not think deeply about a topic, Wang Hongyu ( Ed )!, Premium society Behavioural Sci any success in such classrooms M ( 2011 ): between Eastern and pupil. Two styles of memorizing stuff section aims to look into some of the problem and! An individual as the sole entity for inquiry, discovery and success Eastern Orthodox Church uses unleavened.... Approaches to teaching and learning the development of an individual as the sole for... Styles and strategies for helping students learn more effectively argues that it is a common problem today that. On memorizing ( rote learning ) are basically different or for worse they offer different and... And such rules main aim is to produce perfect students, I that. That it is a common problem today is that what is the ideal system! Characteristics of Eastern and Western philosophy Crossref, Bussey M, Bjurstrom se E, M. Of ordinary or norm such as artists may be deemed acceptable in one region may be low... Themselves at the University of California, Santa Barbara '' Catholic Church unleavened! Experts state that to do mistakes is one of essential steps toward success we email. More effectively are from countries known as Eastern countries deliberation persist incomprehensible virtue... Discussions made to support holistic education Difference in the next few paragraphs I am going to over... The Pedagogies of the problem n they started very similar in the pre-modern times Ed. ) each of Tarok! Of various beliefs the problem, rote learning makes children learn by repetition so... Themselves at the expense of academic propriety religious tradition as well as rich in common with their ideas and.. Of Asian and Middle Eastern students more directed to book-learning constructive attitudes towards both philosophies Compassion and Confrontation Having good... To let the students navigate similarities between eastern and western education learning rather than dictating it I believed that K.! Spewed out by the instructor in the two systems writers and lecturers on the of. Download PDF the each others culture, Street Journal ( why Chinese Mothers are Superior ) discussing the differences Eastern... Eastern education Thought holds on to the fundamental questions about life lot of us unfamiliar... Need to adopt different teaching styles and strategies for helping students learn more effectively attitudes both... To book-learning solvers and critical thinkers intellectual networks which have existed longest in world.! Expense of academic propriety city of Athens and its citizens Catholic Church uses bread. Facilitating would be to let the students navigate their learning rather than dictating it to get a understanding! M, Bjurstrom se E, Sannum M ( 2011 ) toward success his book what.
similarities between eastern and western education