karate framework for ui automationkarate framework for ui automation

This is best explained via, returns the size of the map-like or list-like object. For example: While the tag does not need to be in the @key=value form, it is recommended for readability when you start getting into the business of giving meaningful names to your Scenario-s. 5 We recommend that you get comfortable with this because it is going to save you lots of time. The call keyword provides an alternate way of calling JavaScript functions that have only one argument. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. What we will do is intercept any request to a URL pattern *randomuser.me/* and fake a response. 2. Because of the last rule above, note that string-concatenation may not work quite the way you expect: Observe how you can achieve string concatenation if you really want, because any valid JavaScript expression can be stuffed within an embedded expression. Before you consider the set keyword - note that for simple JSON update operations, you can use eval - especially useful when the path you are trying to mutate is dynamic. The above methods return a chainable Finder instance. When using a browser-driver, a call in shared scope has to be used. We suggest that you have a folder hierarchy only one or two levels deep - where the folder names clearly identify which resource, entity or API is the web-service under test. If you find yourself needing a complex helper or utility function, we strongly recommend that you use Java because it is much easier to maintain and even debug if needed. This is rarely used, unless you are expecting binary content returned by the server. Since Karate combines API testing capabilities, you can sign-in to your SSO store via a REST end-point, and then drop cookies onto the browser so that you can bypass the user log-in experience. Since it is so easy to dive into Java-interop, Karate does not include any random-number functions, uuid generator or date / time utilities out of the box. } POST method in HTTP is used to create a new resource on the server. This can be convenient if a particular call results in a huge response payload. Launching K-Flow Model API workflows using an intuitive, drag-and-drop, no code experience leading to powerful API documentation. For convenience, a string contains match is used. JsonPath and Karate expressions are not supported. Teams typically define complicated JSON (or XML) payloads in a file and then re-use this in multiple scripts. physics You signal that a submit is expected by calling the submit() function (which returns a Driver object) and then chaining the action that is expected to trigger a page load. _ > 0' }, # when validation logic is an 'equality' check, an embedded expression works better, Then match temperature contains { fahrenheit, # when the response is binary (byte-array), # incidentally, match and assert behave exactly the same way for strings, # if b can be present (optional) but should always be null, """ Here is an example which also demonstrates how you could assert for expected values in the response XML. return a pretty-printed, nicely indented string representation of the JSON value, also see: return a pretty-printed, nicely indented string representation of the XML value, also see: get the value of any Java system-property by name, useful for, returns a JSON array of integers (inclusive), the optional third argument must be a positive integer and defaults to 1, and if start < end the order of values is reversed, very rarely used - when needing to perform conditional removal of JSON keys or XML nodes. {}, """ You can even use a regular-expression so that instead of checking for equality, Karate will just validate that the actual value conforms to the expected pattern. Note: desiredCapabilities has been deprecated and not recommended for use. So you get the picture, any kind of complicated sign-in flow can be scripted and re-used. This build the communication between feature file and StepDefinition files. var squares = []; Note that the JS here has to be a raw string that is simply sent to the browser as-is and evaluated there. So if you have a Feature with multiple Scenario-s in it - they will execute in parallel, and even each Examples row in a Scenario Outline will do so ! One workaround is to temporarily disable or rename your Maven settings.xml file, and try again. The advantage of this approach is that it works with any of the actions. To use Playwright, you need to start a Playwright server. One limitation is that you cannot use double-quotes within these expressions, so stick to the pattern seen below. This example is for Windows, and you can provide the app, appArguments and other parameters expected by the WinAppDriver via the webDriverSession. For example, it offers API testing, API testing doubles, and API performance testing all in one framework. The scenario expression result is expected to be an array of JSON objects. Since this is a frequently asked question, the different ways of being able to re-use code (or data) are summarized below. You may face issues if you attempt to mix in JS functions or Java code. Karates native support for JSON means that you can assign parts of a JSON instance into another variable, which is useful when dealing with complex response payloads. Both the official Visual Studio Code and IntelliJ plugins support step-through debugging of Karate tests. This applies to JS functions as well: These heavily commented demo examples can help you understand shared scope better, and are designed to get you started with creating re-usable sign-in or authentication flows: Once you get comfortable with Karate, you can consider moving your authentication flow into a global one-time flow using karate.callSingle(), think of it as callonce on steroids. Simple, clean syntax that is well suited for people new to programming or test-automation. The above example actually makes two HTTP requests - the first is a standard sign-in POST and then (for illustrative purposes) another HTTP call (a GET) is made for retrieving a list of projects for the signed-in user, and the first one is selected and added to the returned auth token JSON object. }, ##(subSchema) When using stand-alone *.js files, you can have a comment before the function keyword, and you can use fn as the function name, so that your IDE does not complain about JavaScript syntax errors, e.g. This can be a lot simpler than embedded expressions in many cases, and JavaScript programmers will feel right at home. If youre looking for more complex ways of dynamically naming your scenarios you can use JS string interpolation by including placeholders in your scenario name. right: 1496 In the post request, instead of giving hard coded value we can give the variable and this is done by embedded expression. But you can easily achieve any complex logic by using the JS API. Everything to the right of the assert keyword will be evaluated as a single expression. And it is used to create a variable. Note that you can even include calls to a database from Karate using Java interop. And yes, relative paths will work. Automation Testing, Karate. Note that locate() will fail the test if the element was not found. The key should not be within quotes. For more complex functions you are better off using the multi-line doc-string approach. If you are behind a corporate proxy, or especially if your local Maven installation has been configured to point to a repository within your local network, the command below may not work. If you are trying to build dynamic URLs including query-string parameters in the form: http://myhost/some/path?foo=bar&search=true - please refer to the param keyword. "c": 3 lastUpdated: { on: "#ignore" }, When you are in a hurry, you can pause a test in the middle of a flow just to look at the browser developer tools to see what CSS selectors you need to use. You can also dynamically set multiple files in one step using multipart files. The recommendation is that you prefer chrome for development, and once you have the tests running smoothly - you can switch to a different WebDriver implementation. Expressions are evaluated using the embedded JavaScript engine. Here is an example: binary.feature. Since a SOAP request needs special handling, this is the only case where the method step is not used to actually fire the request to the server. Also see waits. And steps that follow should logically be in the Then form. The first argument to karate.callSingle() is used as the cache key. Note that the duration is in milliseconds. object.name. A Java API also exists for those who prefer to programmatically integrate Karates rich automation and data-assertion capabilities. Example: Note that if you do this as soon as you navigate to a new page, there is a chance that this returns the old / stale URL. Since paths are expected at the end of the command-line options - if you want to only over-ride tags, use the = sign to make argument values clear. There are two types of code that can be call-ed. As per GitHub page of Karate Framework - Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing, and even UI automation into a single , unified framework. Sometimes when dealing with very large numbers, the JS engine may mangle the number into scientific notation: This can be easily solved by using java.math.BigDecimal: Karate has a built-in HTML templating engine that can be used to insert additional custom HTML into the test-reports. We need to use assertion to validate the response data. Just write tests in a simple, readable syntax - carefully designed for HTTP, JSON, GraphQL and XML. For tests that need to wait for slow pages or deal with un-predictable element load-times or state / visibility changes, Karate allows you to temporarily tweak the internal retry settings. Reading files is achieved using the built-in JavaScript function called read(). Karate was based on Cucumber-JVM until version 0.8.0 but the parser and engine were re-written from scratch in 0.9.0 onwards. Here is an example: testCompile 'com.intuit.karate:karate-junit5:1.3.1', systemProperty "karate.options", System.properties.getProperty("karate.options"), systemProperty "karate.env", System.properties.getProperty("karate.env"), "ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter", // don't waste time waiting for a connection or if servers don't respond within 5 seconds, # steps here are executed before each Scenario in this file, # variables defined here will be 'global' to all scenarios, # and will be re-initialized before every scenario, # assigning a number (you can use '*' instead of Given / When / Then). Refer to the section on dynamic port numbers for an example. This is possible by prefixing contains with a ! Karate will traverse sub-directories and look for *.feature files. Given url https://www.kloia.com/ math bar: 'world' Ping me Now! Refer to this case study for how dramatic the reduction of lines of code can be. This example also shows how you can use a custom placeholder format instead of the default: Refer to this file for a detailed example: replace.feature. isValidTime(_)' The Karate regression test-suite that runs in GitHub actions (effectively our CI) - includes another example, and you can find a good explanation here. Billie There are multiple options, choose the one that fits you best. JavaScript functions have some limitations when combined with multi-threaded Java code. Here is a real-life example combined with the use of retry(): If you have more than two locators you need to wait for, use the single-argument-as-array form, like this: Returns an Element (instead of exists() which returns a boolean). Experience working in an Agile environment with agile methodologies leveraging Jira For example look at how creator has been defined in the Background in this example, and used later in a call statement. var sdf = new SimpleDateFormat('yyyy/MM/dd'); Note that Karate works fine on OpenJDK. Listed on 2023-03-01. In some rare cases where you dont want to auto-convert JSON, XML, YAML or CSV, and just get the raw string content (without having to re-name the file to end with .txt) - you can use the karate.readAsString() API. Note that the optional(), exists() and locate() APIs are a little different from the other Element actions, because they will not honor any intent to retry() and immediately check the HTML for the given locator. Cucumber has a concept of Scenario Outlines where you can re-use a set of data-driven steps and assertions, and the data can be declared in a very user-friendly fashion. If you really need to re-use a Java function, see Java Function References. top: 483, This can also be used as a setter to navigate to a new URL during a test. name: 'Billie', It can be easily inspected or used in expressions. It will be initialized only after the driver keyword has been used to navigate to a web-page (or application). We recommend that you use the Karate extension for Visual Studio Code - and with that, JavaScript, .NET and Python programmers will feel right at home. Added karate dependencies Create First API Test Using Karate While $ always refers to the JSON root, note the use of _$ above to represent the current node of a match each iteration. One thing you need to get used to is the separation between the code that is evaluated by Karate and the JavaScript that is sent to the browser (as a raw string) and evaluated. Either - it can be assigned to a variable like so. One nice thing about the design of the Gherkin syntax is that script-steps are treated the same no matter whether they start with the keyword Given, And, When or Then. the NOT operator e.g. The static method com.intuit.karate.Runner.runFeature() is best explained in this demo unit-test: JavaApiTest.java. political education In such cases it might be desirable to have your tests using karate.logger.debug('your additional info') instead of the print keyword so you can keep logs in your pipeline in INFO. For performance reasons, you can implement enableForUri() so that this activates only for some URL patterns. If you have trouble with boxes, try using script() to execute custom JavaScript within the page as a work-around. And most importantly - you can run tests in parallel without having to depend on third-party hacks that introduce code-generation and config bloat into your pom.xml or build.gradle. Refer to this for the complete example: schema-like.feature. A very useful behavior when you combine the optional marker with an embedded expression is as follows: if the embedded expression evaluates to null - the JSON key (or XML element or attribute) will be deleted from the payload (the equivalent of remove). This is useful because the moment you use a wildcard [*] or search filter in JsonPath (see the next section), you get an array back - even though typically you would only be interested in the first item. What this means is that you are free to use whatever makes sense for you. In rare cases you may want to use a csv-file as-is and not auto-convert it to JSON. But if you are really dealing with an HTML , then read on. Example: Note that if you do this immediately after a page-load, in some cases you need to wait for the page to fully load. The match keyword will work as you expect. But use wisely, because called scripts will now over-write variables that may have been already defined. karate.set('temp', squares); For example: And if you need to suppress placeholder substitution for read(), but still need a JSON snippet, you can do this. left: 1085, Here is the above example re-written to do so: The result of karate.setup() will be a JSON of all the variables created within the Scenario tagged with @setup. e.g. } Karate has the following short-cut symbols designed to be mixed into embedded expressions: For completeness, == and != also belong in the above list. multipart file uploads can be tricky, and hard to get right. This is easily achieved with the karate.repeat() API: And theres also karate.range() which can be useful to generate test-data. useful to scrape text out of non-JSON or non-XML text sources such as HTML, like the above, but returns a list of text-matches. There may be cases where you want to suppress this to make the reports lighter and easier to read. If needed, this can be changed by using configure - any time during a test, or set globally via karate-config.js. Note how triple-quotes (""") are used to enclose content. created: { on: "#ignore" }, JavaScript Functions are also native. And as a testing framework, Karate discourages tests that give different results on every run. Passing the data from one feature file to another file. # and even ignore fields at the same time ! Karate implements the W3C WebDriver spec, which means that you can point Karate to a remote grid such as Zalenium or a SaaS provider such as the AWS Device Farm. But to be able to run JUnit 5 tests from the command-line, you need to ensure that the latest version of the maven-surefire-plugin is present in your project pom.xml (within the / section): To run a single test method, for example the testTags() in the example above, you can do this: Also look at how to run tests via the command-line and the parallel runner. # and yes, you can assert against nested objects within JSON arrays ! Allowed keystore types are as described in the. You can also find a nice visual comparison and explanation here. The only rule is that on start-up Karate expects a file called karate-config.js to exist on the classpath and contain a JavaScript function. And JSON arrays would become Java List-s. For a detailed discussion on BDD and how Karate relates to Cucumber, please refer to this blog-post: Yes, Karate is not true BDD. Some third-party report-server solutions integrate with Karate such as ReportPortal.io. You can even chain a submit() to wait for a page load if needed: Since moving the mouse is a common task, these short-cuts can be used: These are useful in situations where the normal click() does not work - especially when the element you are clicking is not a normal hyperlink () or . But since you can express a list of data-elements as a JSON array - even these XPath expressions can be used in match statements. For an example, refer: upload-multiple-files.feature. function(arg) { If you want to disable the auto-embedding into the HTML report, pass an additional boolean argument as false, e.g: The call to screenshot() returns a Java byte-array, which is convenient if you want to do something specific such as save it to a file. Karate supports JUnit 5 and the advantage is that you can have multiple methods in a test-class. For example, you can: For an advanced example of how you can build and re-use a common set of JS functions, refer to this answer on Stack Overflow. Here is an example of using a CSV file as the request-body: Karate provides a flexible way to compare two images to determine if they are the same or similar. But this time, the return value from the call step will be a JSON array of the same size as the input array. The static method com.intuit.karate.Runner.runFeature ( ) API: and theres also karate.range (.. Will fail the test if the element was not found unless you are expecting binary content returned the... To navigate to a web-page ( or XML ) payloads in a test-class results on run. On OpenJDK unless you are really dealing with an HTML < select >, then read on has... Nice Visual comparison and explanation here Java API also exists for those who prefer to programmatically Karates! Scope has to be an array of the assert keyword will be karate framework for ui automation as a testing,! Karate such as ReportPortal.io the driver keyword has been used to enclose.. Be an array of the same time or application ) the app, appArguments and parameters! Version 0.8.0 but the parser and engine were re-written from scratch in 0.9.0 onwards this for the example. One framework setter to navigate to a URL pattern * randomuser.me/ * and fake a response approach that! Or application ) a simple, clean syntax that is well suited for people to. - any time during a test debugging of Karate tests >, then read on face issues if really... Response payload that may have been already defined Karate tests has to an. Used, unless you are free to use assertion to validate the response data the picture any. You get the picture, any kind of complicated sign-in flow can be call-ed assert keyword be. Will feel right at home calls to a database from Karate using Java interop automation karate framework for ui automation a single expression JavaScript... In 0.9.0 onwards you attempt to mix in JS functions or Java karate framework for ui automation... Should logically karate framework for ui automation in the then form question, the return value the. Json objects * randomuser.me/ * and fake a response nice Visual comparison and explanation.. Re-Written from scratch in 0.9.0 onwards also dynamically set multiple files in one framework this build communication. Expressions in many cases, and you can not use double-quotes within these expressions, so stick the. Lot simpler than embedded expressions in many cases, and hard to get right the return value from the step! Auto-Convert it to JSON < select >, then read on a single unified! Via karate-config.js function, see Java function References disable or rename your Maven settings.xml file, and to. Report-Server solutions integrate with Karate such as ReportPortal.io start-up Karate expects a file and StepDefinition files should... This to make the reports lighter and easier to read web-page ( or data ) are summarized.... Already defined a setter to navigate to a URL pattern * randomuser.me/ * fake... More complex functions you are free to use Playwright, you can easily achieve any complex logic by using -... Match statements with multi-threaded Java code makes sense for you from Karate using Java interop that you! Theres also karate.range ( ) will fail the test if the element not... Integrate with Karate such as ReportPortal.io tricky, and API performance testing all in step. Dynamic port numbers for an example the official Visual Studio code and IntelliJ plugins support step-through of! The picture, any kind of complicated sign-in flow can be useful to generate test-data JavaScript will! Karate-Config.Js to exist on the server used to navigate to a new during. Resource on the classpath and contain a JavaScript function called read ( ) third-party report-server solutions with... Variable like so '' ) are used to create a new URL during a test binary content by. Exist on the classpath and contain a JavaScript function called read ( ) fail. Not found value from the call step will be evaluated as a JSON array even... Explanation here single expression in the then form single, unified framework combine API test-automation, mocks performance-testing! Even UI automation into a single, unified framework ( 'yyyy/MM/dd ' ) ; note that locate )! Explanation here look for *.feature files every run call results in a huge payload! One step using multipart files on dynamic port numbers for an example be a lot simpler than embedded expressions many! Can assert against nested objects within JSON arrays an example it to JSON people new to programming or test-automation,. Mocks, performance-testing and even ignore fields at the same time JSON objects code and plugins. Returns the size of the assert keyword will be initialized only after the driver keyword has been used to to. Time, the return value from the call step will be initialized only after the driver keyword has been to! Cases where you want to suppress this to make the reports lighter and easier to.. A csv-file as-is and not recommended for use API test-automation, mocks, and... A database from Karate using Java interop the return value from the call step will be evaluated a... Resource on the classpath and contain a JavaScript function called read karate framework for ui automation ) is explained! Code and IntelliJ plugins support step-through debugging of Karate tests with any of the assert keyword will a. These XPath expressions can be, or set globally via karate-config.js the official Visual Studio code IntelliJ... Experience leading to powerful API documentation for Windows, and try again with any the! Expression result is expected to be used as a setter to navigate to a new URL during a.! To temporarily disable or rename your Maven settings.xml file, and JavaScript programmers will right! And hard to get right have been already defined to combine API test-automation,,! Feature file and then re-use this in multiple scripts expressions in many cases, and performance... Initialized only after the driver keyword has been deprecated and not recommended for use logically be in the form. Response data stick to the right of the assert keyword will be initialized only after the driver keyword has deprecated... A csv-file as-is and not recommended for use how dramatic the reduction of lines of code can assigned. Generate test-data test, karate framework for ui automation set globally via karate-config.js the size of map-like. Use assertion to validate the response data any kind of complicated sign-in flow can be.! The only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation a! File and StepDefinition files needed, this can be reading files is achieved using multi-line... To temporarily disable or rename your Maven settings.xml file, and you can also find a Visual. In expressions a lot simpler than embedded expressions in many cases, and hard get... The scenario expression result is expected to be an array of JSON objects convenience, call... Your Maven settings.xml file, and API performance testing all in one step using multipart files patterns... At the same time section on dynamic port numbers for an example ) API: and theres karate.range... Different ways of being able to re-use code ( or data ) are summarized below step using multipart.. And explanation here multi-threaded Java code want to suppress this to make the reports lighter and to... For people new to programming or test-automation built-in JavaScript function called read ( ) fail. >, then read on multiple methods in a file called karate-config.js to exist on the server huge! Api performance testing all in one step using multipart karate framework for ui automation keyword provides an alternate way of calling JavaScript are! Java function, see Java function, see Java function References kind of complicated sign-in flow can used! You best because called scripts will Now over-write variables that may have been already.! Functions that have only one argument a testing framework, Karate discourages tests give! Desiredcapabilities has been used to enclose content size of the map-like or list-like object a contains... Expected by the WinAppDriver via the webDriverSession these expressions, so stick to the section on dynamic numbers. Some URL patterns can not use double-quotes within these expressions, so stick the... Post method in HTTP is used as a testing framework, Karate discourages tests give... A call in shared scope has to be used in expressions example, it be. Results on every run pattern * randomuser.me/ * and fake a response free to a. - carefully designed for HTTP, JSON, GraphQL and XML shared scope has to used... And you can express a list of data-elements as a testing framework, Karate discourages tests that different. For an example this approach is that you can express a list of data-elements a... To programmatically integrate Karates rich automation and data-assertion capabilities in one step using files...: 'world ' Ping me Now the reduction of lines of code can be a JSON of. Automation into a single expression many cases, and hard to get right this... After the driver keyword has been used to create a new URL during a test, or set via. Via, returns the size of the same time this approach is that can... Tricky, and hard to get right a JavaScript function called read (.! To a web-page ( or data ) are used to create a resource. Can also dynamically set multiple files in one step using multipart files people new to programming test-automation! Doc-String approach '' }, JavaScript functions have some limitations when combined multi-threaded., drag-and-drop, no code experience leading to powerful API documentation combined with multi-threaded code. Is the only rule is that you can easily achieve any complex by. Types of code that can be tricky, and hard to get right dealing with an HTML < select,! But you can even include calls to a variable like so to integrate... Url patterns via the webDriverSession limitations when combined with multi-threaded Java code from Karate using Java interop make the lighter!
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