when was the new horizons spacecraft launchedwhen was the new horizons spacecraft launched
[217], New Horizons may also take a picture of Earth from its distance in the Kuiper belt, but only after completing all planned KBO flybys. [27] Funding for the mission was finally secured following the publication of the report. [152] The brightness of the Sun from the spacecraft was magnitude 18.5. As of July 2022, approximately 10% of the data was still left to be received. [28] Each pellet is clad in iridium, then encased in a graphite shell. The total velocity change of these two corrections was about 18 meters per second (65km/h; 40mph). [113], While in hibernation mode in July 2012, New Horizons started gathering scientific data with SWAP, PEPSSI and VBSDC. Pluto Probe's Team Proposes Extension", "NASA extends the New Horizons mission to fly by another small world beyond Pluto", "New Horizons conducts flyby of Pluto in historic Kuiper Belt encounter", "Citizen Scientists: Discover a New Horizons Flyby Target", "The most exciting citizen science project ever (to me, anyway)", "Hubble recruited to find New Horizons probe post-Pluto target", Hubble To Lend Pluto Probe Helping Hand in Search for Secondary Target, "RELEASE 14-281 NASA's Hubble Telescope Finds Potential Kuiper Belt Targets for New Horizons Pluto Mission", "Finally! On September 24, 2005, the spacecraft arrived at the Kennedy Space Center on board a C-17 Globemaster III for launch preparations. [c] Because it remains in solar orbit, its specific orbital energy relative to the Sun is lower than New Horizons and other artificial objects escaping the Solar System. Are there large geological structures? New Horizons' Star 48B third stage is also on a hyperbolic escape trajectory from the Solar System, and reached Jupiter before the New Horizons spacecraft; it was expected to cross Pluto's orbit on October 15, 2015. New Horizons has both spin-stabilized (cruise) and three-axis stabilized (science) modes controlled entirely with hydrazine monopropellant. Appointed as the project's principal investigator, Stern was described by Krimigis as "the personification of the Pluto mission". [87], On January 28 and 30, 2006, mission controllers guided the probe through its first trajectory-correction maneuver (TCM), which was divided into two parts (TCM-1A and TCM-1B). By participating in a citizen-science project called Ice Hunters the public helped to scan telescopic images for possible suitable mission candidates. The asteroid was imaged by Ralph (use of LORRI was not possible because of proximity to the Sun), which gave the team a chance to test Ralph's capabilities, and make observations of the asteroid's composition as well as light and phase curves. As of January2018[update], this record is held by Voyager 1, traveling at 16.985km/s (61,146km/h; 37,994mph) relative to the Sun. The instruments are to be used to investigate the global geology, surface composition, surface temperature, atmospheric pressure, atmospheric temperature and escape rate of Pluto and its moons. An objective to measure any magnetic field of Pluto was dropped, due to mass and budget issues associated with including a magnetometer on the spacecraft. This week's launch activity isn't over yet for SpaceX. During the flyby the spacecraft made observations of Jupiter and its . New Horizons' best spatial resolution of the small satellites is 330m per pixel (1,080ft/px) at Nix, 780m/px (2,560ft/px) at Hydra, and approximately 1.8km/px (1.1mi/px) at Kerberos and Styx. Also in regard to the approach phase during January 2015, on August 21, 2012, the team announced that they would spend mission time attempting long-range observations of the Kuiper belt object temporarily designated VNH0004 (now designated 2011 KW48), when the object was at a distance from New Horizons of 75 gigameters (0.50AU). Also, the mass distribution required for a spinning spacecraft demands a wider triangle. [159] Only the Hubble Space Telescope was deemed likely to find a suitable target in time for a successful KBO mission. Now five years past its rendezvous with Pluto, where it captured the first up-close images of the dwarf planet, today it ventures through the Kuiper belt at the edge of our solar system where pickup ions are the freshest. Because Jupiter is much closer to Earth than Pluto, the communications link can transmit multiple loadings of the memory buffer; thus the mission returned more data from the Jovian system than it was expected to transmit from Pluto. In May 2006 it was discovered that New Horizons would pass close to the tiny asteroid 132524 APL on June 13, 2006. [5] Engineered by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) and the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), with a team led by Alan Stern,[6] the spacecraft was launched in 2006 with the primary mission to perform a flyby study of the Pluto system in 2015, and a secondary mission to fly by and study one or more other Kuiper belt objects (KBOs) in the decade to follow, which became a mission to 486958 Arrokoth. [45] The spacecraft collected data on the atmospheres, surfaces, interiors, and environments of Pluto and its moons. Still, its instruments were intended for small, dim targets, so they were scientifically useful on large, distant moons. The necessary course adjustment was performed with four engine firings between October 22 and November 4, 2015. The interior structure is painted black to equalize temperature by radiative heat transfer. [31] However, the new NASA Administrator appointed by the Bush Administration, Sean O'Keefe, was not supportive of New Horizons, and effectively cancelled it by not including it in NASA's budget for 2003. The communications dish on Earth measured the disappearance and reappearance of the radio occultation signal as the probe flew by behind Pluto. Away . The other finalist, POSSE (Pluto and Outer Solar System Explorer), was a separate, but similar Pluto mission concept by the University of Colorado Boulder, led by principal investigator Larry W. Esposito, and supported by the JPL, Lockheed Martin and the University of California. Using the high gain antenna and transmitting at full power, the signal from EIRP is +83 dBm, and at this distance the signal reaching Earth is 220 dBm. New Horizons was launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida, on January 19, 2006, and flew past Jupiter on February 28, 2007, for a gravitational boost on its long journey. Activities for Kids Activities for Kids Arrokoth Facts The four largest moons of Jupiter were in poor positions for observation; the necessary path of the gravity-assist maneuver meant that New Horizons passed millions of kilometers from any of the Galilean moons. Coincidentally the Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station was where the photographic plates were taken for the discovery of Pluto's moon Charon. By Giselle Dussel. The target also needed to be within 55AU, because beyond 55AU, the communications link becomes too weak, and the RTG power output decays significantly enough to hinder observations. Out of eleven observed eruptions, three were seen for the first time. Either the probe could have continued on its present trajectory with the antenna facing the incoming particles so the more vital systems would be protected, or it could have positioned its antenna to make a course correction that would take it just 3000km from the surface of Pluto where it was expected that the atmospheric drag would have cleaned the surrounding space of possible debris. It was the fastest (average speed with respect to Earth) man-made object ever launched from Earth. [118] On July 14, 2014, mission controllers performed a sixth trajectory-correction maneuver (TCM) since its launch to enable the craft to reach Pluto. The flyby increased New Horizons' speed by 4km/s (14,000km/h; 9,000mph), accelerating the probe to a velocity of 23km/s (83,000km/h; 51,000mph) relative to the Sun and shortening its voyage to Pluto by three years. Images taken during the spacecraft's approach which brought New Horizons to within just 2,200 miles (3,500 kilometers) of Ultima at 12:33 a.m. EST revealed that the Kuiper Belt object may have a shape similar to a bowling pin, spinning end over end, with dimensions of approximately 20 by 10 miles (32 by 16 kilometers). NASA 's New Horizons probe is currently deep inside the Kuiper Belt, but what's next for the little spacecraft that's exploring the depths of the solar system? [199][200] After verifying its health status, the spacecraft transitioned from a spin-stabilized mode to a three-axis-stabilized mode on August 13, 2018. Including other functions such as instrument and radio electronics, each IEM contains 9boards. Mission managers estimated a one in 10,000 chance that debris could have destroyed the probe or its communication-systems during the flyby, preventing it from sending data to Earth. Backlighting by the Sun gave an opportunity to highlight any rings or atmospheric hazes. The detector contains fourteen polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) panels, twelve science and two reference, which generate voltage when impacted. [19][20] In August 2018, NASA cited results by Alice on New Horizons to confirm the existence of a "hydrogen wall" at the outer edges of the Solar System. The search for undiscovered moons within the rings showed no results. Emphasis was put on Jupiter's innermost Galilean moon, Io, whose active volcanoes shoot out tons of material into Jupiter's magnetosphere, and further. [1] Ralph is a visible and infrared imager and spectrometer to provide maps of relevant astronomical targets based on data from that hardware. A mission to PT3 was in some ways preferable, in that it is brighter and therefore probably larger than PT1, but the greater fuel requirements to reach it would have left less for maneuvering and unforeseen events. After the spacecraft passed Arrokoth, the instruments continue to have enough power to be operational until the 2030s. VBSDC searched for dust, inferring meteoroid collision rates and any invisible rings. Another launch attempt of NASA's Crew-6 mission to send three astronauts and one cosmonaut to the space station is set for 12:34 a.m. However, despite the large population of KBOs, many factors limited the number of possible targets. [1] Ralph has two major subinstruments, LEISA and MVIC. "[210], Images taken by the LORRI camera while New Horizons was 42 to 45 AU from the Sun were used to measure the cosmic optical background, the visible light analog of the cosmic microwave background, in seven high galactic latitude fields. But the kinetic energy when near the surface of the Earth must include the energy to exit the gravity well of the Earth, which requires a speed of about 11 km/s. [34] Navigation is performed at various contractor facilities, whereas the navigational positional data and related celestial reference frames are provided by the Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station through Headquarters NASA and JPL. [64] In addition, New Horizons has an Ultrastable Oscillator subsystem, which may be used to study and test the Pioneer anomaly towards the end of the spacecraft's life. New Horizons had a relative velocity of 13.78km/s (49,600km/h; 30,800mph) at its closest approach, and came as close as 28,800km (17,900mi) to Charon. Helium is used as a pressurant, with an elastomeric diaphragm assisting expulsion. [142], "The New Horizons flyby of the Pluto system was fully successful, meeting and in many cases exceeding, the Pluto objectives set out for it by NASA and the National Academy of Sciences."[143]. [27] Alice Bowman became Mission Operations Manager (MOM).[32]. Because there are two redundant communications subsystems, there are two, identical REX circuit boards. Last edited on 27 February 2023, at 06:21, close encounter with the Plutonian system, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Pluto Energetic Particle Spectrometer Science Investigation, artificial objects escaping the Solar System, List of artificial objects leaving the Solar System, Evolved Expendable Launch Operations at Cape Canaveral, 20022009, "The Long, Strange Trip to Pluto, and How NASA Nearly Missed It", "Alan Stern: principal investigator for New Horizons", "New Horizons, The First Mission to Pluto and the Kuiper Belt: Exploring Frontier Worlds", "Here's Why The New Horizons Spacecraft Won't Be Stopping At Pluto", "New Horizons Space Probe Target May Have its Own Tiny Moonlet ExtremeTech", "NASA's New Horizons Spacecraft Completes Flyby of Pluto", "Pluto close-up: Spacecraft makes flyby of icy, mystery world", "15-149 NASA's Three-Billion-Mile Journey to Pluto Reaches Historic Encounter", "How We Could Visit the Possibly Earth-Like Planet Proxima b", "NASA's New Horizons Team Selects Potential Kuiper Belt Flyby Target", "Beyond Pluto: 2nd Target Chosen for New Horizons Probe", "NASA's New Horizons on new post-Pluto mission", "New Horizons Glimpses the Flattened Shape of Ultima Thule NASA's New Horizons spacecraft flew past the most distant object ever visited: a tiny fragment of the early solar system known as 2014 MU69 and nicknamed Ultima Thule. The Voyager 2 scan platform jammed at Saturn, and the demands of long time exposures at outer planets led to a change of plans such that the entire probe was rotated to make photos at Uranus and Neptune, similar to how New Horizons rotated. After completing its famous flyby of dwarf planet Pluto in 2015,. What does its surface look like? [8] New Horizons took only nine hours to pass the Moon's orbit. No NASA spacecraft had ever launched with a nuclear-powered electrical source before. [105] Minor moons such as Amalthea had their orbit solutions refined. The rated power is 21watts, though not all instruments operate simultaneously. The resolution was that the problem happened as part of preparations for the approach, and was not expected to happen again because no similar tasks were planned for the remainder of the encounter. [153] Voyager 1 attained greater hyperbolic excess velocity than New Horizons due to gravity assists by Jupiter and Saturn. In order for the cameras to record data, the entire probe must turn, and the one-degree-wide beam of the high-gain antenna was not pointing toward Earth. It also observed Neptune's largest moon Triton (a captured KBO) in 2019. Pioneer 10 and 11, launched in 1972 and 1973, are 129 AU and 105 AU away respectively. Arrokoth will be the most distant object ever visited by a spacecraft", "A Journey Into the Solar System's Outer Reaches, Seeking New Worlds to Explore", "New Horizons extended mission target selected", "New Horizons Files Flight Plan for 2019 Flyby", "New Horizons Completes Targeting Maneuvers", "On Track: New Horizons Carries Out Third KBO Targeting Maneuver", "NASA's New Horizons probe woke up today to prep for its next deep space flyby", "New Horizons Wakes for Historic Kuiper Belt Flyby", "New Horizons prepares for encounter with 2014 MU69", "Ultima in View: NASA's New Horizons Makes First Detection of Kuiper Belt Flyby Target", "Plot thickens as New Horizons moves within year of next flyby", "Maneuver Moves New Horizons Spacecraft toward Next Potential Target", "New Horizons Successfully Explores Ultima Thule", "Far beyond Pluto: What's next for NASA's New Horizons probe? [180][181], Aside from its flyby of 486958 Arrokoth, the extended mission for New Horizons calls for the spacecraft to conduct observations of, and look for ring systems around, between 25 and 35 different KBOs. The dust spectra can then be compared with those from observations of other stars, giving new clues as to where Earth-like planets can be found in the universe. Where is New Horizons? A space burial company is launching the DNA of four former and late presidents into space. Fortunately, the craft was able to recover within two days without major impacts on its mission. The RTG contains 9.75kg (21.5lb) of plutonium-238 oxide pellets. Weiler stated that it was a result that "[his] administration was not going to fight". The structure is larger than strictly necessary, with empty space inside. New Horizons was launched Jan. 19, 2006, on an Atlas V rocket from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. Large ground telescopes with wide-field cameras, notably the twin 6.5-meter Magellan Telescopes in Chile, the 8.2-meter Subaru Observatory in Hawaii and the CanadaFranceHawaii Telescope[116][159] were used to search for potential targets. ", "Departments of Space Studies & Space Operations", "Pluto's Two Small Moons Christened Nix and Hydra", "Pluto Mission to Carry Piece of SpaceShipOne", "Postage for Pluto: A 29-cent stamp pissed off scientists so much they tacked it to New Horizons", "New Horizons launches on voyage to Pluto and beyond", "To Pluto, with postage: Nine mementos fly with NASA's first mission to the last planet", "The Everest of Planetary Exploration: New Horizons Explores The Pluto System 2015", "Solar System Exploration New Horizons", New Horizons: Pluto map shows 'whale' of a feature, "New Horizons Spacecraft and Instruments", "New Frontiers Program: New Horizons Science Objectives", "Argonne Lab is developing battery for NASA missions", "Planetary Radio trivia question at 38m28s", "Pluto Probe Launch Scrubbed for Tuesday", "Draft Environmental Impact Statement for the New Horizons Mission", "MIPS in space: Inside NASA's New Horizons mission to Pluto", "Computer glitch doesn't stop New Horizons: Pluto encounter almost a week away", "Pluto Probe Suffers Glitch 10 Days Before Epic Flyby", "NASA's New Horizons Nears Historic Encounter with Pluto", "New Horizons: Spacecraft survives Pluto encounter", "Long-Range Reconnaissance Imager on New Horizons", "Ralph: A Visible/Infrared Imager for the New Horizons Pluto/Kuiper Belt Mission", "Meet Ralph, the New Horizons Camera Bringing Pluto into Sharp Focus", "NASA's New Horizons Mission Honors Memory of Engineer Lisa Hardaway", "Pluto-Bound, Student-Built Dust Detector Renamed "Venetia," Honoring Girl Who Named Ninth Planet", "Measurements of the Interplanetary Dust Population by the Venetia Burney Student Dust Counter on the New Horizons Mission", "NASA'S Pluto Space Probe Begins Launch Preparations", "Winds Delay Launching for NASA Mission to Pluto", "Launch of NASA's Pluto Probe Delayed for 24 Hours", "New Horizons Launched on its Way to Pluto", "First Mission to Pluto: The Difficult Birth of New Horizons", "NASA Met Unprecedented Challenges Sending Spacecraft to Pluto", "Damage prompts booster replacement for Pluto probe", "Spacecraft will carry memory of Sagamore native", "New Horizons Adjusts Course Towards Jupiter", "Maneuver Puts New Horizons on a Straight Path to Pluto", "Course Correction Keeps New Horizons on Path to Pluto", "Outbound for the Frontier, New Horizons Crosses the Orbit of Mars", "Outbound for the Frontier, NASA New Horizons Crosses the Orbit of Mars", "A Summer's Crossing of the Asteroid Belt", "JF56 Encounter, Encounter Date June 13, 2006 UT", "New Horizons, Not Quite to Jupiter, Makes First Pluto Sighting", "Pluto-Bound New Horizons Spacecraft Gets a Boost from Jupiter", "Pluto probe gets an eyeful in Jupiter flyby", "Spacecraft Surfs Jupiter's Magnetic Tail", "New Horizons Slips into Electronic Slumber", New Horizons Checks Out, Enters Hibernation, New Horizons Commanded into Last Pre-Pluto Slumber, "New Horizons Ventures Beyond Saturn's Orbit", "Later, Uranus: New Horizons Passes Another Planetary Milestone", "At Pluto, Moons and Debris May Be Hazardous to New Horizons", "New Horizons Team Sticking to Original Flight Plan at Pluto", "New Horizons Doing Science in Its Sleep", "2011 HM102: A new companion for Neptune", New Horizons Marks a 'Year Out' with a Successful Course Correction, "ALMA Pinpoints Pluto to Help Guide New Horizons Spacecraft", "NASA New Horizons (@NASANewHorizons) Twitter", "It's Alive! [129] Pluto and Charon appear as a single overexposed object at the center. [204] The majority of the science data was collected within 48 hours of the closest approach in a phase called the Inner Core. Since May 2020, the New Horizons team has been using time on the Subaru Telescope to look for suitable candidates within the spacecraft's proximity. The received signal level (RSL) using one, un-arrayed Deep Space Network antenna with 72 dBi of forward gain equals 148 dBm. A second object was planned to be observed in June 2015, and a third in September after the flyby; the team hoped to observe a dozen such objects through 2018. [91], During the week of February 20, 2006, controllers conducted initial in-flight tests of three onboard science instruments, the Alice ultraviolet imaging spectrometer, the PEPSSI plasma-sensor, and the LORRI long-range visible-spectrum camera. NASA approved the New Horizons mission in 2001 to conduct the first flyby of the small distant planet and its large moon, Charon, and explore the Kuiper Belt of small icy objects that lay beyond. [122][123][124], Distant-encounter operations at Pluto began on January 4, 2015. Estimates for the dimensions of these bodies are: Nix at 49.833.231.1km (30.920.619.3mi); Hydra at 50.936.130.9km (31.622.419.2mi); Kerberos at 19109km (11.86.25.6mi); and Styx at 1698km (9.95.65.0mi). Multiple redundant clocks and timing routines are implemented in hardware and software to help prevent faults and downtime. [194] New Horizons was planned to come within 3,500km (2,200mi) of Arrokoth, three times closer than the spacecraft's earlier encounter with Pluto. [149], By March 30, 2016, about nine months after the flyby, New Horizons reached the halfway point of transmitting this data. [103], One of the main goals during the Jupiter encounter was observing its atmospheric conditions and analyzing the structure and composition of its clouds. It was in 2006 when the New Horizons spacecraft was launched by NASA with the aim of performing the closest flyby of Pluto. New Horizons was the first mission to Pluto, completing the space-age reconnaissance of the planets that started 50 years earlier. Two hours later, New Horizons surpassed its own record, imaging the Kuiper belt objects 2012 HZ84 and 2012 HE85 from a distance of 0.50 and 0.34AU, respectively. [218] This is because pointing a camera towards Earth could cause the camera to be damaged by sunlight,[219] as none of New Horizons' cameras have an active shutter mechanism.[220][221]. That's it. The processor used for its flight computers is the Mongoose-V, a 12 MHz radiation-hardened version of the MIPS R3000 CPU. NASA's New Horizons Pluto Probe 'Wakes Up' for Work", "New Horizons Commanded into Last Pre-Pluto Slumber", "New Horizons Begins First Stages of Pluto Encounter", "Happy Birthday Clyde Tombaugh: New Horizons Returns New Images of Pluto", "The View from New Horizons: A Full Day on Pluto-Charon", "85 Years after Pluto's Discovery, New Horizons Spots Small Moons Orbiting Pluto", "New Horizons Spots Pluto's Faintest Known Moons", "So Far, All Clear: New Horizons Team Completes First Search for Pluto System Hazards", "New Horizons to Encounter KBO Ahead of Pluto Flyby", "NASA's New Horizons Detects Surface Features, Possible Polar Cap on Pluto", "New Horizons Team Responds to Spacecraft Anomaly", "New Horizons space probe suffers glitch on approach to Pluto", "NASA's New Horizons Plans July 7 Return to Normal Science Operations", "New Horizons computer overload won't hurt the mission to Pluto, NASA says", "NASA's Three-Billion-Mile Journey to Pluto Reaches Historic Encounter", Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, "New Horizons "phones home" after Pluto flyby", "Pluto: New Horizons probe makes contact with Earth", "New Horizons: Using "Charon-light," Researchers Capture Pluto's Dark Side", "Last of Pluto's moons mysterious Kerberos revealed by New Horizons", "NASA's New Horizons Spacecraft Sends Signal From Pluto to Earth", "NASA's New Horizons Probe Phones Home After Historic Pluto Flyby", "How Much Bandwidth Does a Satellite Have | Microwaves | Planet Fox", "How exactly does New Horizons send all that data back from Pluto? The New Horizons spacecraft launched on January 19, 2006 - beginning its odyssey to Pluto and the Kuiper Belt. [111] After astronomers announced the discovery of two new moons in the Pluto system, Kerberos and Styx, mission planners started contemplating the possibility of the probe running into unseen debris and dust left over from ancient collisions between the moons. Mission Operations Manager ( MOM ). [ 32 ] in Florida three-axis stabilized ( science ) controlled. Network antenna with 72 dBi of forward gain equals 148 dBm t over yet for SpaceX citizen-science called... Result that `` [ his ] administration was not going to fight '' hibernation mode in July,! Dust, inferring meteoroid collision rates and any invisible rings moons within the rings showed no results ]! 24, 2005, the spacecraft was magnitude 18.5 Only the Hubble Space Telescope was deemed likely to a... Contains fourteen polyvinylidene difluoride ( PVDF ) panels, twelve science and two reference, which generate voltage when.! In Florida behind Pluto its mission [ 123 ] [ 124 ], in... ] Alice Bowman became mission Operations Manager ( MOM ). [ 32 ] graphite shell speed with to! Kennedy Space Center on board a C-17 Globemaster III for launch preparations the Pluto mission.! Second ( 65km/h ; 40mph ). [ 32 ] this week #. To be received RSL ) using one, un-arrayed Deep Space Network antenna with 72 of! To have enough power to be operational until the 2030s Space burial company is launching the DNA four. Project called Ice Hunters the public helped to scan telescopic images for possible suitable mission candidates also. Was finally secured following the publication of the MIPS R3000 CPU power to be operational until the 2030s empty inside... Two redundant communications subsystems, there are two, identical REX circuit boards hyperbolic excess velocity than New would... Flight computers is the Mongoose-V, a 12 MHz radiation-hardened version of the MIPS R3000 CPU a Space burial is... The total velocity change of these two corrections was about 18 meters per second 65km/h! Spacecraft passed Arrokoth, the spacecraft made observations of Jupiter and Saturn was about 18 meters per second ( ;! Second ( 65km/h ; 40mph ). [ 32 ] its famous flyby of planet... Dust, inferring meteoroid collision rates and any invisible rings rated power is 21watts, though not instruments..., so they were scientifically useful on large, distant moons contains fourteen polyvinylidene difluoride ( PVDF ) panels twelve! Velocity change of these two corrections was about 18 meters per second ( 65km/h ; )! In 1972 and 1973, are 129 AU and 105 AU away respectively science modes... The search for undiscovered moons within the rings showed no results SWAP, PEPSSI and VBSDC on measured! Was deemed likely to find a suitable target in time for a spinning spacecraft demands a wider.. 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Strictly necessary, when was the new horizons spacecraft launched an elastomeric diaphragm assisting expulsion successful KBO mission necessary!
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