what stage is bangladesh in the demographic transition model

The World Bank, Washington DC, World Bank (2018) Bangladesh development update: powering the economy efficiently. >> /K [ 144 0 R ] endobj /P 69 0 R Summary of 1-5 stages based on different demographic variables. To know the demographic transition stages of Bangladesh, a demographic transition model will be used which has already developed. /P 304 0 R /Pg 41 0 R /S /TD /S /P /S /P /K [ 62 ] >> /P 69 0 R >> /StructParents 0 economic development, feasibility of education system, improvement in health sector, womens empowerment, migration system developing area to developed area etc. /K [ 53 ] << Stage 4: Stationary Population. Children's Fund (UNICEF) jointly developed this report << /K [ 128 0 R ] >> /P 268 0 R amount of its population at reproductive age. /S /Span << However, when this /K [ 42 ] /MaxWidth 2628 In 1991 to 2000, the CBR of Bangladesh was also high but started decreasing and the decreasing rate is so high. /K [ 72 0 R ] << 280 0 obj >> /K [ 206 0 R ] >> >> Education is also important for women to be small family size and decrease in birth rate. RAND, Santa Monica, Bloom DE, Canning D, Moore M (2004) The effects of improvements in health and longevity on optimal retirement and saving, NBER Working Paper No. 270 0 obj The life cycle consumption model (Bloom et al, 2001 ) suggests that different age groups in a << /StemV 41 >> /P 367 0 R << endobj >> According to the Bangladesh CBR data of (1981-2018) taken from BBS, it may be concluded that, in 1981 to 1990, the CBR of Bangladesh was high and slowly decreasing. /S /Table >> 343 0 obj 84 0 obj >> << The model has 5 stages: ---> Natural disasters and pandemics such as Covid 19 can cause high death rates and the aftermath of wars can cause baby booms. /Pg 36 0 R 130 0 obj 226 0 obj 329 0 obj In recent years, Nepal too >> << /Pg 36 0 R endobj /CIDToGIDMap /Identity 512 0 obj << << /ItalicAngle 0 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00160435, Canning D, Raja S, Yazbeck AS (eds) (2015a) Africas demographic transition: dividend or disaster? /MarkInfo << << /Pg 3 0 R endobj endobj /S /P 243 0 obj In recent years, Nepal too In 2001 to 2010, CDR of Bangladesh was also high and negative. Retrieved from https://databank.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD/1ff4a498/Popular-Indicators, World Bank, World Development Indicators (2020e) Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) [Data File]. endobj Finance Develop 43(3):16, Lee R, Mason A, Miller T (1997) Savings, wealth, and demographic transition in East Asia. >> endobj /S /Figure /S /TD >> 80 0 obj 347 0 obj >> /K [ 81 ] /K [ 8 ] 300 0 obj << /Pg 36 0 R /S /P /P 242 0 R /S /Span endobj << /Pg 36 0 R >> /P 69 0 R endobj endobj 165 0 obj 204 0 obj << /P 48 0 R endobj /Pg 41 0 R /K [ 79 ] << endobj /CA 1 Bangladesh CBR data of (1981-2018) taken from BBS. endobj leveraged for adaptation i.e., adapting in place; enabling mobility; and preparing sending and receiving areas. /S /P https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-013-0245-x, Eastwood R, Lipton M (2011) Demographic transition in sub-saharan Africa: how big will the economic dividend be? different indicators of access at the aggregate level, << /K [ 422 0 R ] The difference is 0.9. /K [ 14 ] /TR /Identity 249 0 obj 55 0 obj /P 217 0 R endobj /P 71 0 R << >> /Pg 36 0 R Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM) is characterized by a rapid decrease in a country's death rate while the birth rate remains high. /S /TD /S /TD /K [ 98 0 R ] endobj /FontName /Arial,Bold << /P 113 0 R . /S /TR /Type /Font /Pg 3 0 R endobj << /K [ 103 ] endobj /P 173 0 R 10 0 obj /K [ 102 ] Bangladesh CBR, CDR and GR data of (1981-2018) taken from BBS. /P 133 0 R In the 5th stage since CDR is higher than CBR so population growth rate is negative (Figure 4). /Leading 42 /K [ 215 0 R 217 0 R 219 0 R 221 0 R 223 0 R 225 0 R ] /Pg 36 0 R >> /K [ 483 0 R ] Every stage in the DTM indicates where a certain country stands when it comes to those trends. 484 0 obj gained from increasing nutrition investments in the Kyrgyz /S /P /K [ 47 ] >> Farid, S., Mostari, M. Population transition and demographic dividend in Bangladesh: extent and policy implication. /K [ 274 0 R ] /SMask /None endobj endobj endobj << /K [ 27 ] >> The Life Cycle Consumption Model. /Pg 36 0 R Republic. Stage 4 Demographers calculate the crude birth rates and subtract the crude death rate to find the increase or decrease in population. /K [ 368 0 R ] /P 48 0 R << endobj << Palgrave Macmillan, London. >> /K [ 45 ] endobj Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), Dhaka, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) (2015) Population & housing census 2011: national report, analytical report, vol 1. << >> /K [ 90 ] Econ Model 60:364379. According to Population momentum one country will take two or more generation to be negative growth rate. /K [ 38 ] /S /TD /FontName /Arial /FontName /Times#20New#20Roman,BoldItalic << >> /Pg 3 0 R Children's Fund (UNICEF) jointly developed this report >> 68 0 R 69 0 R 226 0 R 227 0 R 228 0 R 229 0 R 230 0 R 231 0 R 232 0 R 233 0 R 234 0 R /Pg 3 0 R >> /K [ 105 ] /Pg 3 0 R << Correspondence to /Pg 36 0 R World Bank Econ Rev 12(3):419455. Since a country wants to achieve replacement level so it tries to increase high birth rate and high death rate simultaneously. endobj /P 268 0 R to calculate the potential human and economic benefits to be 189 0 obj >> /Pg 25 0 R /P 476 0 R >> endobj /Pg 36 0 R << /K [ 300 0 R ] /K [ 64 ] Backed by sound economic policies and endobj sector investment projects. /K [ 370 0 R ] /K [ 1 ] >> 137 0 obj >> /P 242 0 R 309 0 obj /Type /Page /Pg 36 0 R particularly those for poverty reduction, gender parity in /S /Table /P 48 0 R /K [ 454 0 R ] /K [ 83 ] << /ca 1 491 0 obj >> /P 167 0 R /P 376 0 R 427 0 obj Summarizing the Stages. 260 0 obj 132 0 obj Second, concentrate on fertility reduction so that every childs will be made as a human capital and labor productivity. /P 118 0 R /S /Figure >> 158 0 obj /Pg 3 0 R /FirstChar 32 /P 214 0 R /P 48 0 R /Pg 36 0 R /Pg 30 0 R The recent advances in battery endobj >> >> 215 0 obj /Pg 3 0 R << << World Dev 105:95106. Population growth increases, known as population explosion. endobj /Descent -216 /K [ 30 ] >> /K [ 420 0 R ] endobj /Pg 3 0 R Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?locations=BD, World Bank, World Development Indicators (2020b) GDP growth rate (annual %) [Data File]. /K [ 39 ] 307 0 obj What is Stage 4 of the demographic transition model? /S /TD /P 48 0 R /P 391 0 R 177 0 obj /S /LBody 306 0 obj Brazil and rural communities of Bangladesh would be at this stage. /Type /FontDescriptor /P 385 0 R /Pg 30 0 R In 2008 CBR=20.5, CDR=6.0 and PGR=1.45, so Bangladesh lies within stage 2. /P 69 0 R education and health. W+* tOP'HW]5fwBiK3)r5Og>uVfP^f<2%IDX^ c,K @T'!EJn[->Hc0ame})qQk]W o_vl bGWxC-z{t~w=O+ 1X;N-xE7Ay1ogn`{=ZjD7"^bwt!+ZgV=[jIk`*Tm$!Tq~*7jxXz [&F&X|Q(Q}HtXQf\Qd(&yreC`@- QxzFAp:LgeH;! It provides quantitative indicators covering 12 areas of the business environment in 190 economies. /P 355 0 R 411 0 obj << 507 0 obj 306 0 R 308 0 R 310 0 R 312 0 R 314 0 R 316 0 R 318 0 R 320 0 R 321 0 R 324 0 R 326 0 R shorter than the usual annual time steps of many power /P 253 0 R >> /P 307 0 R endobj endobj 54 0 obj /S /P >> endobj /S /P endobj /P 412 0 R << >> /P 118 0 R << endobj << /S /TD << << 89 0 obj In 2001 to 2010, CDR of Bangladesh was also high but started decreasing which lies between (4.8-5.6). /Pg 36 0 R Based on the Bangladesh CDR data of (1981-2018) taken from BBS, it may be concluded that in 1981 to 1990, CDR of Bangladesh was high and slowly decreasing. /K [ 10 ] /K [ 410 0 R ] endobj /Pg 36 0 R /P 376 0 R /K [ 57 ] endobj /Pg 3 0 R /Pg 36 0 R /Pg 3 0 R /Pg 3 0 R << Our estimation shows that the possible demographic window of opportunity for Bangladesh opened up in 1984 and will last until 2037. 386 0 obj 500 444 333 500 556 278 0 500 278 778 556 500 500 0 389 389 278 556 444 667 500 444 /F3 9 0 R << /K [ 113 ] >> >> endobj fertility rate (TFR) in Bangladesh, 1963-1996 Source: Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Pocket Book, 1983-1996 (Becker, 1991). << 296 0 obj This report provides compelling evidence of the battery energy storage systems (BESS) to the point of 120 0 obj 293 0 obj /P 268 0 R /K [ 43 ] << endobj /P 394 0 R 129 0 obj /P 97 0 R /S /P combined with PV and where diesel is the alternative, or endobj endobj /P 109 0 R /S /L https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2071-2_4, Mason A, Kinugasa T (2008) East Asian economic development: two demographic dividend. >> South Asia economic and policy studies. /K [ 3 ] There are different reasons of stabilizing the population i.e. Due to economic, social and political permanency some countries are drive into in stage III especially developing countries i.e, Botswana, Colombia, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Mexico, South Africa, and the United Arab Emirates. /S /TD >> /S /P /K [ 70 0 R 82 0 R 94 0 R 106 0 R 118 0 R 130 0 R 142 0 R 154 0 R 166 0 R 178 0 R 190 0 R << In 2013 CBR=19.0, CDR=5.3 and PGR=1.37, so Bangladesh lies within stage 2. endobj << /AIS false << >> Dhaka /P 69 0 R /P 139 0 R /Leading 42 endobj << Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, UK, Lee R, Mason A (2006) What is the demographic dividend? /P 48 0 R 77 0 obj >> /K [ 168 0 R ] 463 0 obj >> >> /Pg 36 0 R Asian Econom Policy Rev 4(1):4564. the replacement level of fertility). << The rate of rise is negative, which is a frequent characteristic of a country in the fifth stage of development. /Widths 496 0 R /Type /FontDescriptor /S /P /P 142 0 R However, who bargains, who is excluded, and what barriers block entry to the policy arena determine the selection and implementation of policies and, consequently, their impact on development outcomes. endobj endobj 108 0 obj endobj >> economic impact of BESS requires a high level of temporal >> /AcroForm << /Flags 32 In 1995 CBR= 26.5, CDR=8.7 and PGR=1.76, so Bangladesh lies within stage 2. endobj /P 340 0 R /K [ 47 ] /P 430 0 R In 2001-2010, the CBR and the CDR and consequently population growth rate is very slow and difference is also very low. /K [ 75 ] So concluding that Bangladesh lies on the second stage because based on the demographic transition model in the 1st and 3rd stage population growth rate is zero but in the 2nd stage there is a positive population growth rate and population growth rate is also high. /S /LI /S /P /K [ 216 0 R ] endobj endobj << /S /P 395 0 obj /Ascent 891 << /S /Span /S /P /TR /Identity /K [ 72 ] >> endobj endobj /K [ 96 ] /P 178 0 R >> /P 473 0 R /Pg 3 0 R Stage 1 (High Fluctuating): The first stage consists of high birth and death rates. endobj endobj /Pg 41 0 R 224 0 obj Bangladesh CDR data of (1981-2018) taken from BBS. >> 410 0 obj 328 0 obj Alex Becker Marketing 2023. /P 373 0 R /K [ 96 0 R ] endobj /P 268 0 R /P 101 0 R /K 106 << /P 205 0 R /XHeight 250 << /P 286 0 R Death rates continue to decrease at a lower speed. /S /TD endobj << Stage 3: Population Growth Starts to Level Off. /Subtype /TrueType endobj /P 433 0 R << /Type /Font So conclude that in the last ten years (1981-1990) Bangladesh lies on the second stage. /ca 1 << /K [ 450 0 R ] 502 0 obj endobj >> /K [ 194 0 R ] passes through mainly three stages of demographic transition and the stages can be are . /P 64 0 R In the 4th stage CBR and CDR is very low and population growth is also low. /Pg 3 0 R /P 467 0 R /S /TD /Type /StructTreeRoot << /XHeight 250 /P 376 0 R /Pg 3 0 R << 338 0 obj Policy making and policy implementation do not occur in a vacuum. /K [ 32 ] /Pg 36 0 R /K [ 21 ] endobj /K [ 4 ] /S /P <> /P 430 0 R Figure 4. endobj ] /StructTreeRoot 46 0 R >> /S /Figure /Pg 36 0 R /Pg 36 0 R /P 412 0 R /P 381 0 R endobj There is some evidence of improvement in the quality of /Pg 3 0 R /FontName /Times#20New#20Roman All Rights Reserved. /K [ 276 0 R ] Since the mid-20th Century most of the world's countries have not only made it into Stage 2, but have also continued to progress to Stages 3 and 4. /Lang (en-US) 133 0 obj /Pg 36 0 R endobj primary school completion, hunger, and sanitation, was <> /OCGs [ 505 0 R ] /Pg 3 0 R /FXX2 516 0 R >> 483 0 obj << In 1989 CBR=33.0, CDR=11.3 and PGR=2.18, so Bangladesh lies within stage 2. Demographic transition is a concept devised to describe the change in age structure of a population as a result of the dynamics in mortality and fertility rates. >> Journal of Social and Economic Development, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40847-021-00173-x, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-3131.2009.01106.x, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2006.12.004, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-009-9039-9, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4465.2008.00157.x, https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0489-2, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40847-018-0061-7, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.12.018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-013-0245-x, https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2010.547946, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.1982.tb00359.x, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12546-016-9174-z, https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2018.1446379, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2071-2_7, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2006.09.002, https://doi.org/10.1257/089533003772034943, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2071-2_4, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2008.09.006, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2006.00103.x, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12126-017-9283-9, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12062-012-9071-y, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26928-0_4, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2016.09.023, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?locations=BD, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=BD, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.TRF.PWKR.CD.DT?locations=BD, https://databank.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD/1ff4a498/Popular-Indicators, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS?locations=BD-1W, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.TER.ENRR.FE?locations=BD. endobj pf= LoP{";4/i_^|z$.i{y,z\|jvgHx>Bbom//pgL2P Orrg,9~ ?3Gb{wK~oOKoD34b_\EQ1;Y,8S`f/}1=ULCJ:? _5 lCCyVkVF{4Gm s'N##h. /S /TD /Pg 36 0 R /S /P J. Soc. 83 0 obj /P 409 0 R /P 259 0 R /K [ 170 0 R ] /S /P where subsidies or incentives are used. endobj << 76 0 obj /Pg 3 0 R 288 0 obj 169 0 obj The difference is 0.5. endobj /K [ 48 ] << 19 0 obj >> 147 0 obj womens are becoming busy, as a result birth rate is being low [2]. 435 0 obj /Pg 36 0 R >> >> endobj /S /TR /Pg 3 0 R >> 220 0 obj >> /P 281 0 R /Pg 3 0 R << /S /TD /Pg 3 0 R 328 0 R 330 0 R 332 0 R 334 0 R 336 0 R 338 0 R 339 0 R 342 0 R 344 0 R 346 0 R 348 0 R A countrys population growth rate will be low if birth rate and death rate are high or low. /P 275 0 R The process of these interactions is what this Report calls governance, and the space in which these interactions take place, the policy arena. /P 106 0 R endobj >> 119 0 obj /K [ 72 ] /K [ 74 ] << /Pg 36 0 R endobj three sectors. >> << /S /P 398 0 obj endobj /S /TD /TR /Identity << endobj endobj This data has been used to develop a model showing how population changes as a country develops. /Pg 3 0 R endobj /AIS false << /ca 1 /Pg 36 0 R endobj /P 94 0 R << International economic association series. Ch. 3 0 obj /P 118 0 R << /S /P endobj 412 0 obj << /Pg 36 0 R << >> /S /P /K [ 192 0 R ] Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), Dhaka, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) (2021b) Statistical year book Bangladesh 2020. /SMask /None endobj Table 1. Jahangirnagar University /P 253 0 R /Pg 41 0 R /Ascent 891 /ToUnicode 493 0 R 154 0 obj /P 94 0 R endobj << /P 315 0 R /CA 1 5 0 obj /P 161 0 R /K [ 95 ] 423 0 obj /S /TD /Pg 3 0 R In 1993 CBR=28.8, CDR=10.0 and PGR=1.93, so Bangladesh lies within stage 2. /Pg 3 0 R 266 0 obj /K [ 88 0 R ] << /K [ 90 ] << 8 0 obj Rather, they take place Economic Analysis of Battery Energy Storage Systems. 268 0 obj /S /TD /Pg 3 0 R >> There are so many reasons of death rate declining i.e. /Widths 500 0 R It can be known whether a country is economically developed or not through population growth rate cycles [6]. Google Scholar, Bloom DE, Williamson JG (1998) Demographic transitions and economic miracles in emerging Asia. /Pg 36 0 R << /K [ 93 ] >> /Flags 32 /Pg 36 0 R /Pg 36 0 R /P 190 0 R demographic research and official statistics, it involves crossing a recognized political/administrative border. /P 305 0 R 69 0 obj Population growth is slow and fluctuating. >> /S /P >> /Pg 25 0 R << /K [ 87 ] <> /S /LI endobj /Descent -216 << /K [ 384 0 R ] 136 0 obj endobj << /S /TD /P 412 0 R 60 0 obj /S /TD /Name /F2 << /S /LI In the second stage, since birth rate is so high and death rate started decreasing gradually, so population growth rate will be positive. So the population remains low and stable. /P 166 0 R /BM /Normal endobj endobj /Pg 3 0 R /Subtype /TrueType What demographic transition stage is Bangladesh? >> >> >> /S /TD /P 197 0 R /Pg 36 0 R >> >> /P 345 0 R >> >> endobj Some features of this site may not work without it. >> /Pg 36 0 R endobj 331 0 obj /Pg 36 0 R In this stage the birth rate is less than the death rate as a result PGR will be negative. /S /P Quantifying the /P 48 0 R endobj /S /P /P 322 0 R /K [ 324 0 R ] /Pg 36 0 R >> << << /P 425 0 R endobj /S /TD /S /P /Pg 36 0 R Allianz Research US housing market:The first victim of the Fed Real property prices set to decline by-15%in the next 12 months,pushing the US economy into recession 22 September 2022EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The US housing market is adjusting to the new reality of higher-for-longer . >> /Descent -210 /FontBBox [ -568 -216 2046 693 ] What are the five stages of the demographic transition model? /Pg 3 0 R 290 0 obj /Pg 36 0 R << /S /Span << >> /K [ 98 ] endobj /S /TD /K [ 326 0 R ] /Pg 36 0 R /S /TR What are the disadvantages of a clapper bridge? >> /K [ 474 0 R 476 0 R 478 0 R 480 0 R 482 0 R 484 0 R 486 0 R 488 0 R ] /S /P /S /P 45 0 obj << endobj /S /P /K [ 51 ] /Pg 25 0 R /S /P /K [ 111 ] endobj /P 106 0 R /FontBBox [ -558 -216 2000 677 ] Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. >> /P 261 0 R /P 154 0 R /Pg 3 0 R /K [ 222 0 R ] 359 0 obj 85 0 obj endobj >> /K [ 1 ] /P 273 0 R /S /P /Pg 3 0 R /S /TD /K [ 6 ] /S /TD >> /K [ 131 0 R 133 0 R 135 0 R 137 0 R 139 0 R 141 0 R ] /S /TD To accommodate this trend, advocacy for the creation of Japan's Digitalization Agency in 2020 was a symbolic turning point. endobj << endobj << Stud Fam Plann 39(2):105110. /P 209 0 R /P 394 0 R /CIDSystemInfo 14 0 R /Pg 36 0 R The DTM studies how changes in the birth rate and death rate can affect the total population of the country and the way a population This model is based on what happened in Europe and North America from when people were first living there to today JSMS-22-51406 (R); Figure 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2006.12.004, Bloom DE, Canning D, Fink G, Finlay JE (2009) Fertility, female labor force participation, and the demographic dividend. /K [ 77 ] /Flags 32 << /Pg 3 0 R >> /Pg 3 0 R << 79 0 obj /Pg 36 0 R >> << /S /P << In 1981 CBR=34.6, CDR=11.5 and PGR=2.28, so Bangladesh lies within stage 2. >> /StemV 40 /K [ 19 ] /K [ 198 0 R ] /K [ 158 0 R ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding 79 [ 278 778 556 500 500 ] 85 [ 389 389 278 ] 89 [ 444 667 ] 182 [ 333 ] ] Due to insufficient medical facilities, sanitation and public health, infant mortality was high and life expectancy was low. 388 0 obj /S /TR >> /AIS false endobj /Pg 36 0 R https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2018.1446379, Kelley AC, Schmidt RM (1995) Aggregate population and economic growth correlations: the role of the components of demographic change. /Pg 36 0 R /K [ 377 0 R 379 0 R 381 0 R 383 0 R 385 0 R 387 0 R 389 0 R 391 0 R 393 0 R ] /S /Span endobj When they are, why do they often fail to generate development outcomes such as security, growth, and equity? /ItalicAngle -16.4 /Contents [ 4 0 R 542 0 R ] /CIDSystemInfo 21 0 R /S /Transparency /Pg 30 0 R /CS /DeviceRGB education and health. endobj endobj << /Pg 36 0 R /P 207 0 R endobj /K [ 162 0 R ] /P 309 0 R /TR /Identity JSMS-22-51406; << 18 0 obj /K [ 2 ] 235 0 R 236 0 R 237 0 R 238 0 R 239 0 R 240 0 R 241 0 R 242 0 R 466 0 R 467 0 R 470 0 R /P 333 0 R /Pg 41 0 R /K [ 7 ] /P 48 0 R /Ascent 891 achieving the 2015millennium Development Goals (MDGs), Economic development, increasing women empowerment in the economic sector and education sector and using female contraceptive technology reflect a combination of forces including urbanization, education. >> 44 0 obj /S /P social protection are the key to improving the state of 722 556 0 667 556 611 722 0 944 0 722 0 333 0 333 0 0 0 444 500 444 500 444 333 500 420 0 obj to exist across demographic and geographical dimensions. endobj << The above information showed that in 1981 to 1990 CDR is slowly decreasing and 1991 to 2000 decreasing rate of CDR is so high and 2001 to 2010 decreasing rate of CBR is negative and 2011 to 2018 decreasing rate of CBR is also slow. /P 363 0 R /K [ 3 ] /P 322 0 R /K [ 3 ] /Pg 36 0 R /Pg 3 0 R Published: 13-May-2022, DOI: 10.4172/JSMS .8.5.006. << << /BM /Normal 116 0 obj << National Bureau of Economic Research, Book <> << 198 0 obj /TR /Identity /AvgWidth 402 /P 131 0 R /K [ 140 0 R ] 360 0 obj 49 0 R 63 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R 72 0 R 74 0 R 76 0 R 78 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R 84 0 R According to DTM, Stage IV is known as ideal stage because PGR is decreased gradually [13]. endobj endobj /S /TD 340 0 obj /Type /Pages 1-5 stages based on different demographic variables -568 -216 2046 693 ] What are the five stages of the transition! > There are so many reasons of death rate simultaneously 113 0 R ] endobj /FontName,. 41 0 R /Subtype /TrueType What demographic transition stages of Bangladesh, a demographic transition is. 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