scaffold access requirements

[29 CFR 1926.451(b)(2)], The standard requires employers to protect each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet (3.1 m) above a lower level from falling to that lower level. Scaffolding is the solution to many access issues, providing a safe and legal means of access for workers at height. It is recommended above many other means of access, especially if the work will be prolonged or involve multiple workers, tools, equipment or materials. If there is a tail line below the hoist, it shall be insulated to prevent contact with the platform. When intermediate members (such as balusters or additional rails) are used, they shall not be more than 19 inches (48 cm) apart. How to reduce the risk of injury when using bakers scaffolds [29 CFR 1926.454(a)], Supported scaffolds with a height to base width ratio of more than 4:1 must be restrained by guying, tying, bracing, or an equivalent means. First, it's important to note that there are two strength requirements: 5,000 pounds per employee or maintaining a 2-to-1 safety factor. However, where the employer can demonstrate that it is not possible to place an outrigger beam perpendicular to the face of the building or structure because of obstructions that cannot be moved, the outrigger beam may be placed at some other angle, provided opposing angle tiebacks are used. Tiebacks shall be equivalent in strength to the suspension ropes. Crossbracing is acceptable in place of a midrail when the crossing point of two braces is between 20 inches (0.5 m) and 30 inches (0.8 m) above the work platform or as a toprail when the crossing point of two braces is between 38 inches (0.97 m) and 48 inches (1.3 m) above the work platform. Must have rest platforms at 12-foot maximum intervals. If the slope of a ramp or a walkway is steeper than one (1) vertical in eight (8) horizontal, the ramp or walkway shall have cleats not more than fourteen (14) inches (35 cm) apart which are securely fastened to the planks to provide footing. WebWhat are the requirements for constructing scaffold platforms? Direct access to or from another surface shall only be used when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches horizontally and 24 inches vertically from the other surface. Hook-on and attachable ladders shall have uniformly spaced rungs with a maximum spacing between rungs of 16 3/4 inches. A personal fall-arrest system is a system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a working level. Must be specifically designed for the type of scaffold with which they are used. Each scaffold stairway shall be at least 18 inches (45.7 cm) wide between stairrails. Suspension scaffold outrigger beams shall be: Provided with stop bolts or shackles at both ends; Securely fastened together with the flanges turned out when channel iron beams are used in place of I-beams; Installed with all bearing supports perpendicular to the beam center line; Set and maintained with the web in a vertical position; and. Does a scaffold meet the requirements of 1926.502 (d) (15)? [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(8)], The standard prohibits the use of crossbraces as a means of access. Outrigger beams which are not stabilized by bolts or other direct connections to the floor or roof deck shall be secured by tiebacks. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(16)], Manually operated hoists used to raise or lower a suspended scaffold must be tested an listed by a qualified testing laboratory. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(2)]. Guardrail height. "Access." [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(4)(xiii)], Supported scaffolds are platforms supported by legs, outrigger beams, brackets, poles, frames, or similar rigid support. Capable of withstanding, without failure, a force of at least 50 pounds (222 n) applied in any downward or horizontal direction at any point along the toeboard (toeboards built in accordance with Appendix A to this subpart will be deemed to meet this requirement); and. When the falling objects are too large, heavy or massive to be contained or deflected by any of the above-listed measures, the employer shall place such potential falling objects away from the edge of the surface from which they could fall and shall secure those materials as necessary to prevent their falling. What types of scaffolds does the standard prohibit? Effective September 2, 1997, access for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds shall be in accordance with the following: The employer shall provide safe means of access for each employee erecting or dismantling a scaffold where the provision of safe access is feasible and does not create a greater hazard. Sound anchorages include structural members, but do not include standpipes, vents, other piping systems, or electrical conduit. The portion of the tail line that hangs free below the scaffold shall be guided or retained, or both, so that it does not become grounded; Each hoist shall be covered with insulated protective covers; In addition to a work lead attachment required by the welding process, a grounding conductor shall be connected from the scaffold to the structure. Scaffolds and scaffold components shall not be loaded in excess of their maximum intended loads or rated capacities, whichever is less. When other types of hoists are used, the suspension ropes shall be long enough to allow the scaffold to be lowered to the level below without the rope end passing through the hoist, or the rope end shall be configured or provided with means to prevent the end from passing through the hoist. Each platform must be planked and decked as fully as possible with the space between the platform and uprights not more than 1 inch (2.5 cm) wide. Ladders used to access scaffolds and work platforms shall be in compliance with the requirements of . Must have uniform riser height, within inch, for each flight of stairs, except for the top and bottom steps of the. Web(1) When scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet (0.6 m) above or below a point of access, portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders, stair towers (scaffold stairways/towers), stairway-type ladders (such as ladder stands), ramps, walkways, integral prefabricated scaffold access, or direct access from another scaffold, structure, Where swinging loads are being hoisted onto or near scaffolds such that the loads might contact the scaffold, tag lines or equivalent measures to control the loads shall be used. When midrails are used, they shall be installed at a height approximately midway between the top edge of the guardrail system and the platform surface. Steps and rungs of ladder and stairway type access shall line up vertically with each other between rest platforms. In addition, employees must wear hard hats. [, A competent person must evaluate all direct connections prior to use to confirm that the supporting surfaces are able to support the imposed load. Riser height shall be uniform, within 1/4 inch, (0.6 cm) for each flight of stairs. Direct connections to roofs and floors, and counterweights used to balance adjustable suspension scaffolds, shall be capable of resisting at least 4 times the tipping moment imposed by the scaffold operating at the rated load of the hoist, or 1.5 (minimum) times the tipping moment imposed by the scaffold operating at the stall load of the hoist, whichever is greater. Portable, hook-on, and attachable ladders (Additional requirements for the proper construction and use of portable ladders are contained in subpart X of this part -- Stairways and Ladders): Portable, hook-on, and attachable ladders shall be positioned so as not to tip the scaffold; Hook-on and attachable ladders shall be positioned so that their bottom rung is not more than 24 inches (61 cm) above the scaffold supporting level; When hook-on and attachable ladders are used on a supported scaffold more than 35 feet (10.7 m) high, they shall have rest platforms at 35-foot (10.7 m) maximum vertical intervals. Fall protection includes guardrail systems and personal fall arrest systems. WebTower scaffolds must comply with the standard required for all types of scaffolds, eg double guardrails, toeboards, bracing and access ladder. insulated protective covers cover the hoist. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(1)], Effective September 2, 1997, employees erecting and dismantling supported scaffolding must have a safe means of access provided when a competent person has determined the feasibility and analyzed the site conditions. [29 CFR 1926.451 (b) (2)] The use of repaired wire rope as suspension rope is prohibited. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(14)], Drum hoists must contain no less than four wraps of suspension rope at the lowest point of scaffold travel. WebIndependent Scaffolds Made to order specialist access requirements Tank Scaffolds Span Deck Walkways Mobiles Temporary Fencing Power Climber Swinging Stages Modular Swinging Stages Astro Winches (air and electric) Building Maintenance Units Genie Scissor & Boom Lifts, AWP30, Material Lifters Material Lifts Superlift Genie Lifts Boom Lifts Access Requirements Stairtowers (Scaffold Stairway/Towers) Stairtowers must be positioned so their bottom step is not more than 24 inches above the scaffold supporting level. WebDesign requirements for bakers scaffolds are referenced in CSA S269.2 Access Scaffolding for Construction Purposes. The stall load of any scaffold hoist shall not exceed 3 times its rated load. Supported scaffold poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights shall bear on base plates and mud sills or other adequate firm foundation. This provision does not preclude the use of systems which are designed to function both as suspension scaffolds and emergency systems. Excess suspension wire rope and any additional independent lines from grounding shall be insulated; The suspension wire rope shall be covered with insulating material extending at least 4 feet (1.2 m) above the hoist. Guardrails meeting the requirements of paragraph (g)(4) of this section shall be provided on the open sides and ends of each landing. Unsafe scaffolding has the potential to result Each employee performing overhand bricklaying operations from a supported scaffold shall be protected from falling from all open sides and ends of the scaffold (except at the side next to the wall being laid) by the use of a personal fall arrest system or guardrail system (with minimum 200 pound toprail capacity). Six randomly distributed broken wires in one rope lay or three broken wires in one strand in one rope lay. Manually operated hoists shall require a positive crank force to descend. Each end of a platform 10 feet or less in length shall not extend over its support more than 12 inches (30 cm) unless the platform is designed and installed so that the cantilevered portion of the platform is able to support employees and/or materials without tipping, or has guardrails which block employee access to the cantilevered end. [29 CFR 1926.502(d)] The use of a body belt in a tethering system or in a restraint system is acceptable and is regulated under 29 CFR 1926.502(e). [29 CFR 1926.450(b)] They must be placed perpendicular to their bearing support. When acids or other corrosive substances are used on a scaffold, the ropes shall be shielded, treated to protect against the corrosive substances, or shall be of a material that will not be damaged by the substance being used. Must have cleats, not more than 14 inches apart, securely fastened to the planks for footing if the slope is more than 1 vertical to 8 horizontal. a grounding conductor is connected from the scaffold to the structure and is at least the size of the welding lead. Fall arrest systems should protect these employees. WebProvides general requirements for all scaffolds AND also includes information on specific types of scaffolding. Install guys, ties, or braces at the closest horizontal member to the 4:1 height and repeat vertically with the top restraint no further than the 4:1 height from the top. What are the fall protection requirements for all scaffolds? Must have a stair-rail, consisting of a top-rail and a mid-rail, on each side. When horizontal lifelines are used, they shall be secured to two or more structural members of the scaffold, or they may be looped around both suspension and independent suspension lines (on scaffolds so equipped) above the hoist and brake attached to the end of the scaffold. For all scaffolds not otherwise specified in paragraphs (g)(1)(i) through (g)(1)(vi) of this section, each employee shall be protected by the use of personal fall arrest systems or guardrail systems meeting the requirements of paragraph (g)(4) of this section. Suspension ropes supporting adjustable suspension scaffolds shall be of a diameter large enough to provide sufficient surface area for the functioning of brake and hoist mechanisms. Each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet (3.1 m) above a lower level shall be protected from falling to that lower level. Must have a minimum step width of 16 inches, except that mobile stairway-type ladders shall have a minimum step width of 11 inches. If you need to move around your project then mobility will be your main concern. Our Office Location. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(6)], Employers must replace wire rope when the following conditions exist: kinks; six randomly broken wires in one rope lay or three broken wires in one strand in one lay; one third of the original diameter of the outside wires is lost; heat damage; evidence that the secondary brake has engaged the rope; and any other physical damage that impairs the function and strength of the rope. When erecting or dismantling tubular welded frame scaffolds, (end) frames, with horizontal members that are parallel, level and are not more than 22 inches apart vertically may be used as climbing devices for access, provided they are erected in a manner that creates a usable ladder and provides good hand hold and foot space. The ladder legs shall be secured to prevent them from slipping or being pushed off the platform. Suspension scaffold support devices such as cornice hooks, roof hooks, roof irons, parapet clamps, or similar devices shall be: Made of steel, wrought iron, or materials of equivalent strength; Secured against movement by tiebacks installed at right angles to the face of the building or structure, or opposing angle tiebacks shall be installed and secured to a structurally sound point of anchorage on the building or structure. Heat damage caused by a torch or any damage caused by contact with electrical wires. Sound points of anchorage include structural members, but do not include standpipes, vents, other piping systems, or electrical conduit. Scaffolds shall not be moved horizontally while employees are on them, unless they have been designed by a registered professional engineer specifically for such movement or, for mobile scaffolds, where the provisions of 1926.452(w) are followed. Are there specific requirements for outrigger beams? Fork-lifts shall not be used to support scaffold platforms unless the entire platform is attached to the fork and the fork-lift is not moved horizontally while the platform is occupied. WebAccess to all scaffold platforms must be safe and clear. [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(3)], All employees must be trained by a qualified person to recognize the hazards associated with the type of scaffold being used and how to control or minimize those hazards. The top edge height on supported scaffolds manufactured and placed in service before January 1, 2000, and on all suspended scaffolds where both a guardrail and a personal fall arrest system are required shall be between 36 inches (0.9 m) and 45 inches (1.2 m). There is no minimum width requirement for boatswains' chairs. Scaffolds are commonly used in construction work so workers have a safe, stable work Integral prefabricated scaffold access frames shall: Be specifically designed and constructed for use as ladder rungs; Have a rung length of at least 8 inches (20 cm); Not be used as work platforms when rungs are less than 11 1/2 inches in length, unless each affected employee uses fall protection, or a positioning device, which complies with 1926.502; Be uniformly spaced within each frame section; Be provided with rest platforms at 35-foot (10.7 m) maximum vertical intervals on all supported scaffolds more than 35 feet (10.7 m) high; and. The standard prohibits using repaired wire. What are some of the requirements for power-operated suspension scaffold hoists? Have a maximum spacing between rungs of 16 3/4 inches (43 cm). When the loads specified in paragraph (g)(4)(vii) of this section are applied in a downward direction, the top edge shall not drop below the height above the platform surface that is prescribed in paragraph (g)(4)(ii) of this section. Counterweights shall be made of non-flowable material. What materials can be used to increase the working level height of employees on supported scaffolds? When midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, solid panels, or equivalent structural members are used, they shall be installed between the top edge of the guardrail system and the scaffold platform. Stairways shall be installed between 40 degrees and 60 degrees from the horizontal. Also see, OSHA Standards Interpretation and Compliance Letter: 09/30/1999 - Forklifts in construction: Elevating personnel and operator training. Stairways must be installed between 40 degrees and 60 degrees from the horizontal. When lanyards are connected to horizontal lifelines or structural members on a single-point or two-point adjustable suspension scaffold, the scaffold shall be equipped with additional independent support lines and automatic locking devices capable of stopping the fall of the scaffold in the event one or both of the suspension ropes fail. Canopies, when used for falling object protection, shall comply with the following criteria: Canopies shall be installed between the falling object hazard and the employees. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(1)], Direct access is acceptable when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches (36 cm) horizontally and not more than 24 inches (61 cm) vertically from the other surfaces. EQUIPMENT. Footings shall be level, sound, rigid, and capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or displacement. The scaffold needs to be secure and otherwise not tip when climbing whatever the form of access. Wind screens shall not be used unless the scaffold is secured against the anticipated wind forces imposed. an insulating material covers the suspension wire rope and extends at least 4 feet (1.2 m) above the hoist. Only those items specifically designed as counterweights shall be used to counterweight scaffold systems. Employers are required to provide fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds where the installation and use of such protection is feasible and does not create a greater hazard. Zelienople, PA 16063. Suspension scaffold outrigger beams, when used, shall be made of structural metal or equivalent strength material, and shall be restrained to prevent movement. WebA scaffold is a temporary structure erected to support access or working platforms. [, All suspension scaffolds must be tied or otherwise secured to prevent them from swaying, as determined by a competent person. Makeshift devices, such as but not limited to boxes and barrels, shall not be used on top of scaffold platforms to increase the working level height of employees. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(ii) and 29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(iii)], Outrigger beams (thrustouts) are the structural members of a suspension or outrigger scaffolds that provide support. A stairrail consisting of a toprail and a midrail shall be provided on each side of each scaffold stairway. Stair-rails and handrails must be designed and constructed to prevent punctures, lacerations, snagged clothing, and projection. Direct access to or from another surface shall be used only when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches (36 cm) horizontally and not more than 24 inches (61 cm) vertically from the other surface. In addition, masons' multi-point adjustable suspension scaffold connections shall be designed by an engineer experienced in such scaffold design. WebWhen scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet (0.6 m) above or below a point of access, portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders, stair towers (scaffold NOTE: As of January 1, 1998, subpart M of this part provides that body belts are not acceptable as part of a personal fall arrest system. [44 FR 8577, Feb. 9, 1979; 44 FR 20940, Apr. Some jurisdictions also incorporate the requirements in voluntary standards, such as CSA S269.2-M87 Access When can welding be done from a suspension scaffold? WebInspects scaffold and attaches at the access point(s) the appropriate tag: Red: DO NOT USE, SCAFFOLD IS BEING ERECTED OR DISMANTLED Yellow: SCAFFOLD DOES NOT MEET OSHA REQUIREMENTS. Sand, gravel and similar materials that can be easily dislocated shall not be used as counterweights. [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(2)(v)], Front-end loaders and similar equipment can support scaffold platforms only when they've been specifically designed by the manufacturer for such use. A suspension scaffold contains one or more platforms suspended by ropes or other non-rigid means from an overhead structure, 29 CFR 1926.450(b), such as the following scaffolds: single-point, multi-point, multi-level, two-point, adjustable, boatswain's chair, catenary, chimney hoist, continuous run, elevator false car, go-devils, interior hung, masons', and stone setters'. Guardrail systems are explained below in another question. c) Added guidance for assessing base soil conditions. Outrigger beams shall be placed perpendicular to its bearing support (usually the face of the building or structure). [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(1)], To ensure adequate protection, install guardrails along all open sides and ends before releasing the scaffold for use by employees, other than the erection and dismantling crews. When conditions warrant, the height of the top edge may exceed the 45-inch height, provided the guardrail system meets all other criteria of paragraph (g)(4). [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(1)(vii)], Use fall-arrest systems when working from the following types of scaffolding: boatswain's chair, catenary, float, needle beam, ladder, and pump jack. Front-end loaders and similar pieces of equipment shall not be used to support scaffold platforms unless they have been specifically designed by the manufacturer for such use. Platforms may be coated periodically with wood preservatives, fire-retardant finishes, and slip-resistant finishes; however, the coating may not obscure the top or bottom wood surfaces. Crossbraces shall not be used as a means of access. COF employees receive annual training [29 CFR 1926.451 (a) (1)] Each scaffold platform and walkway must be at least 18 inches (46 cm) wide, guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems must be used. Ropes shall be replaced if any of the following conditions exist: Any physical damage which impairs the function and strength of the rope. Use your safety belts and lanyards when working on scaffolding at a height of 10 feet or more above ground level. Scaffolds and scaffold components shall be inspected for visible defects by a competent person before each work shift, and after any occurrence which could affect a scaffold's structural integrity. Must have rest platforms at 35-foot maximum intervals on all supported scaffolds more than 35 feet high. [29 CFR 1926.450(b)], Gasoline power-operated hoists or equipment are not permitted. The ends of stairrail systems and handrails shall be constructed so that they do not constitute a projection hazard. If such access is not possible, portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders, stair towers, stairway-type ladders, ramps, walkways, or built-in ladders must be used, under the following regulations: Portable, Hook-on, and Attachable Ladders. Employees shall be prohibited from working on scaffolds covered with snow, ice, or other slippery material except as necessary for removal of such materials. Must have their bottom step no more than 24 inches above the level on which the scaffold is supported. Kinks that might impair the tracking or wrapping of rope around the drum(s) or sheave(s). [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(2)], Also, employees are prohibited from working on scaffolds covered with snow, ice, or other slippery materials - except to remove these substances. An active welding rod or uninsulated welding lead shall not be allowed to contact the scaffold or its suspension system. Gears and brakes of power-operated hoists used on suspension scaffolds shall be enclosed. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(10)], Suspension ropes must be shielded from heat-producing processes. Midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, solid panels, and equivalent structural members of a guardrail system shall be capable of withstanding, without failure, a force applied in any downward or horizontal direction at any point along the midrail or other member of at least 75 pounds (333 n) for guardrail systems with a minimum 100 pound toprail capacity, and at least 150 pounds (666 n) for guardrail systems with a minimum 200 pound toprail capacity. WebModular scaffolding consists of a few fixed points that can accommodate bearers, diagonals, standards, and runners. each suspension rope and any other independent lines are insulated from grounding. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(14) and 29 CFR 1926.451(f)(15)], Employers must provide access when the scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet (0.6 m) above or below a point of access. 10 OSHA Scaffolding Requirements 1. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(viii)], Tiebacks must be secured to a structurally sound anchorage on the building or structure. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(16)], The standard prohibits work on platforms cluttered with debris. [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(2)(iv)]. When screens and mesh are used, they shall extend from the top edge of the guardrail system to the scaffold platform, and along the entire opening between the supports. d) Added precautions around power lines. Each suspension rope, including connecting hardware, used on non-adjustable suspension scaffolds shall be capable of supporting, without failure, at least 6 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to that rope. Each toprail or equivalent member of a guardrail system shall be capable of withstanding, without failure, a force applied in any downward or horizontal direction at any point along its top edge of at least 100 pounds (445 n) for guardrail systems installed on single-point adjustable suspension scaffolds or two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds, and at least 200 pounds (890 n) for guardrail systems installed on all other scaffolds. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(1)], A competent person must determine the feasibility and safety of providing fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(8)], The standard does require specific clearance distances. Scaffolds shall be designed by a qualified person and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with that design. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(x)]. WebScaffolding, also called scaffold or staging, is a temporary structure used to support a work crew and materials to aid in the construction, maintenance and repair of buildings, bridges and all other man-made structures.Scaffolds are widely used on site to get access to heights and areas that would be otherwise hard to get to. Supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or displacement designed for the top and bottom of... Power-Operated hoists or equipment are not permitted by bolts or other direct connections to the structure and at! As a means of access to support access or working platforms rungs with a spacing. Loads or rated capacities, whichever is less and capable of supporting loaded! Provision does not preclude the use of repaired wire rope and any other lines. Webmodular scaffolding consists of a top-rail and a mid-rail, on each side be placed perpendicular to their bearing.! 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