olive oil on cats pawsolive oil on cats paws
\n<\/p>
\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/61\/Remove-Oil-from-a-Cat-Step-8.jpg\/v4-460px-Remove-Oil-from-a-Cat-Step-8.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/6\/61\/Remove-Oil-from-a-Cat-Step-8.jpg\/aid11991872-v4-728px-Remove-Oil-from-a-Cat-Step-8.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"
\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. One of the leading causes of unhealthy feline skin and coats is a nutritionally deficient diet. In some cases, cats are getting enough protein from their diets, but their body cannot digest this protein properly due to the poor functioning of the liver or kidneys. There is no danger if you diffuse oils at home because the oil used in aromatherapy is highly diluted. Because it lacks sufficient amounts of omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, it is deficient. Make sure that your cats paws are protected from rough, hot, or cold surfaces with puppy booties. When buying it as a supplement, mixed tocopherols are best. You should feed your cat with protein-rich cat food but stay away from low-quality cat food that may contain preservatives, unwanted carbohydrates, and fillers. Keep reading if you want to learn how to feed your cat a healthy diet to keep its fur glossy. Coconut oil, Olive oil and Sunflower oils are good for your dogs and cats. Here are some of the most commonly-used ingredients in paw butter: Since these substances are safe for consumption, they wont hurt your cat if ingested. Cats that have access to the outdoors are more prone compared to indoor cats as they are exposed to rough, frozen or muddy areas and hot or sharp surfaces. Yes, paw butter is safe for use on cat's paws. A cat's paws are irritated regularly, especially during hot and cold weather conditions. Making a daily habit of checking and cleaning their paws will make it easy to keep them in good shape. Also, consider keeping your cat indoors until its paw pads have healed. Coconut oil also contains natural anti-inflammatory properties that aid in the healing of digestive tract injuries. Coat & skin: the nutrients in olive oil, including omega-3 fatty acids & vitamin E, help keep a dog's fur and skin healthy and moisturized. Learn more about moving, transporting, and helping your cat settle into a new home with these tips on relocating with your pet. Vets usually recommend a 2.5 to 5 mg. zinc supplement to be given daily for 2 weeks or until there is an improvement in the paw pads. Dry winter air can dry out your kitty's paws, so consider using a humidifier during cold months. How Should You Feed Olive Oil To Your Cat? Over time, contact with a dirty litter box, rocky ground, wet or muddy lawns, hot or cold surfaces, or sharp objects like thorns can harm their paws. If the paint is on your cats skin, dont shave it or try to trim super close to its body. Use a cotton ball or cotton swab if necessary. It's rich in oleic acid, linolenic acid, linoleic acid, omega fatty acids, and vitamins A, D, E, and K for moisturizing your cat's paws. olive oil into the paw pads as needed to restore moisture. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. If your cat is on all dry food, it is a good idea to gradually transition him to canned food. If you feed your cat albacore tuna, it is more likely than chunk-light tuna to be mercury-laden. An all-natural, high-protein, low-carbohydrate, and grain-free diet with added omega-3 fatty acids can form part of the solution for cracked cat paws. It is soothing and moisturizes dry skin and prevents paw infection. Coconut oil absorbs into your cats skin very quickly. Vegetable oil may not be harmful to cats, but it could cause stomach discomfort. So,, Just because you suffer from cat allergies doesnt mean you dont like cats. This reduces the absorption of important nutrients in your cats diet, thus compromising its skin and coat integrity. Giving your cat a bath can be stressful, so give him or her a treat after the bath. Select Your Region (opens a modal dialog), 2021 Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc. As used herein, denotes registered trademark status in the U.S. only; registration status in other geographies may be different. Once your cat tolerates you handling their paws, make it a point to examine them daily, especially after they return from an outdoor jaunt. If you want to help keep your cats fur clean and healthy, simply brush it regularly with a soft bristled brush. Never use a moisturizing product designed for humans, even if it is made from natural ingredients. This should not be a skin treatment, but rather a way to get rid of stubborn matted fur. Sign up for wikiHow's weekly email newsletter. In fact, olive oil can be a great supplement in a cat's diet. Dont forget to give your cat lots of treats and love after its ordeal! Like the other remedies, use as needed to keep your cats paws hydrated. If you want to keep your cat safe while feeding sardines to him, you should drain the sunflower oil before serving. Make sure that your cat is drinking enough water and is getting sufficient dietary protein. According to the Journal of Nutrition, cats with a dietary deficiency in zinc have poorer coats, slow hair growth, and scaly skin. Olive oil has a variety of health benefits for cats. Effective treatment options include food-based oil like coconut oil and making sure that your cat receives sufficient protein and zinc in her diet. Your cats paws are an important tool for navigating the world. In many cases, its normal for your cats paws to be dry. Before you can give coconut oil to your cat as a treatment, consult with a veterinarian to ensure that it is safe and effective. Tuna is beneficial to your cats diet because it contains a lot of healthy nutrients. No, you shouldnt put Vaseline or lotion on your cats paws. If you want to shave mats out, make sure you follow the manufacturers instructions with care to avoid causing any damage to your cats coat. About our Ads. Delicious roasted chicken and rice in a mouthwatering sauce. If your cat was outside or walking on dirty surfaces, such as the litter box or a garage floor, clean its paws before applying the oil. The most important thing to consider when choosing a moisturizer for your cats paws is safety. With coconut oil, a little goes a long way. Coconut oil is completely safe when ingested by cats. The oil absorbs so quickly that you might want to keep them in a bathroom while it absorbs so that it does not track her around the house. Weight loss: it can help encourage weight loss by breaking down the fat inside cells and it can reduce insulin sensitivity. Break the treat into smaller pieces and offer a tidbit at each stage. 7. Natural moisturizer with antibacterial properties, High in calories. You can use them to cook with, to moisturize your skin, and even to help your pets. Cat paw pads can become cracked and swollen from diets deficient in minerals zinc and selenium. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. Its a cruel twist of fate that, Ever since humans split into cat people and dog people, the world has never been the same. It is also rich in antioxidants, which can help to keep your cats fur healthy and shiny. 3. Coconut oil can be an excellent topical natural remedy for a variety of common cat problems such as hairballs, matted fur, and ear mites, and when added to your cats diet, it can also help promote skin, regular bowel movements, and hairball prevention. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. Olive Oil helps to stimulate bowel movements. Always give a reward each time she cooperates during the treatment process. You can give your cat coconut oil both topically and orally to keep it healthy and shiny. A medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) is an important component of liver health because it is transported from the digestive tract. Cracked and dry paws can get infected, but coconut oil can create a barrier and reduce the risk of infection. This will clean their toes of dirt, litter dust and any chemicals or foreign objects. Copyright 2023 | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme, Do Cat Whiskers Really Grow Back? CocoTherapy coconut oil is an all-natural product made from natural ingredients such as lauric, capric, and caprylic acids. Your cats diet is deficient in fiber, and his digestive system is not functioning properly. Because these oils are safe to ingest, you can apply them to your cats paws without worry. Here are some reasons your cat may suffer from dry paws: Many of these causes of dry paws are exacerbated by spending time outside. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
\n<\/p>
\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/a4\/Remove-Oil-from-a-Cat-Step-12.jpg\/v4-460px-Remove-Oil-from-a-Cat-Step-12.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/a\/a4\/Remove-Oil-from-a-Cat-Step-12.jpg\/aid11991872-v4-728px-Remove-Oil-from-a-Cat-Step-12.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"
\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. Keeping your cat indoors protects her from dry cat paws to saome extent. Overeating tuna has been shown in studies to be hazardous and harmful in some cases. Most paw butters are created with all-natural ingredients. Even things like drop-cloths shouldnt be left out if there is paint or oil on them. Your kitty's paws are as important to them as your hands and feet are to you. Coconut oil can be used topically or orally to keep your cats coat shiny and healthy, as well as to prevent dry, irritated skin. There is insufficient omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid content in olive oil to make it suitable for human consumption. The taste is even enjoyable for cats. To soothe your cats paws and reduce cracks and dryness naturally, massage warm olive oil into the paw pads. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
\n<\/p>
\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/a4\/Remove-Oil-from-a-Cat-Step-15.jpg\/v4-460px-Remove-Oil-from-a-Cat-Step-15.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/a\/a4\/Remove-Oil-from-a-Cat-Step-15.jpg\/aid11991872-v4-728px-Remove-Oil-from-a-Cat-Step-15.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"
\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. Cans of tuna are safe to feed to cats at any age. Cats are known for their grooming habits and their love of cleanliness. Be sure to only use moisturizers that are safe for your cat to lick. Its also essential in preventing dry and cracked paw pads. If your cat has just returned home from its outdoor adventures, you should clean its paws with a damp cloth before applying olive oil. Cats that have access outdoors are more prone to dry and cracked paws. They may recommend giving your cat a 2.5 to 5 mg zinc supplement every day for 2 weeks until its paws start to improve. Talk to your vet about adding zinc supplements to your cats diet. Check out the best cat paw butter options on Amazon now! Certain essential oils can be toxic to cats. Cats Avoid using moisturizers designed for humans. Even if your cat manages to lick its paws, these oils should not give your pet stomach upset or other harm. Dry, moist skin, and matted fur are also problematic for cats, but many cat owners swear by using olive oil topically on their cats. Finally, eating olive oil can help keep a cat's fur and skin in healthy and shiny condition. OLIVE OIL HELPS AID THE PASSING OF HAIRBALLS 9. Coconut oil can also be used to dissolve cat hair in your pets gastrointestinal tract. While I can definitely say I love all animals in general, my heart belongs to cats and dogs. It soothes dry and cracked paws which tend to be painful especially if its infected and irritated due to exposure to hot or freezing surfaces like icy roads and hot pavements. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. Your cat will still lick its paws, and excessive petroleum jelly can cause stomach upset. Fish oil is a good source of nutrition for your cat, and it can be obtained in the form of vegetable oil or another cooking oil. Fish oil contains a high concentration of both omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids, including EPA and DHA. JaneA is the webmaster and chief cat slave for Paws and Effect, an award-winning cat . According to the Journal of Nutrition, kittens fed a no-zinc diet had poorer coats, scaly skin, and slow hair growth. In fact, it can actually be harmful to their coat. Unfortunately, hydration in cats is often overlooked as its hard to get cats to drink water. Just like in people, keeping the skin moisturized helps it work well and stay healthy. If you notice there are still patches of oil, apply more dish soap and wash your cat a second time. Cat hair can also be spun into yarn skeins, which can be used to make sweaters and mittens. Olive oil works as a lubricant and softens the feces in a cat's body, allowing it to pass more easily. Tuna should only be given as a treat on occasion, and it is best to mix it in with your cats regular diet. Coconut oil can also be used to help treat various skin conditions, such as allergies, hot spots, and flea bites. Food-grade oils, like olive or coconut oil, are great options to consider. It is rich in omega 3 fatty acids, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and vitamins A, D, E, and K. 4. If you don't have any styptic powder on hand, it may be a good idea to buy some at your local pet supply store just in case you need it. Your cat is walking barefoot across baking hot pavements and sand or freezing winter roads that have been treated with chemicals and salts. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. This article was co-authored by wikiHow Staff. It should not account for more than a quarter of their diet. Rub a thin layer into your cats paws a few times a week after cleaning its pads. This could cause even more serious problems by introducing the oil into your cats lungs. Use a pair of nail scissors made especially for cats to trim cat claws. Cats are naturally drawn to foods that taste similar to their own. Depending on your cats weight, you can give them half a teaspoon or about 20% of their daily calorie intake. It should not be given as your cat's sole source of dietary fat, regardless of how healthy he is. It is recommended that a small dog (under 30 pounds) consume about 12 teaspoons of oil or ground flaxseed per day. You can heal your cats cracked paw pads by rubbing Vaseline on them each day. Yes, although it may not be a good idea. Cookie Consent Tool. Featured Image Credit: JoyNik, Shutterstock. If they need something more heavy-duty, ask your vet to recommend a good paw moisturizer for cats. Over time, walking on these sorts of surfaces naturally hardens, dries, and wears out your cats paws. Best Natural CBD Oil Ingredients: Joy Organics CBD Oil 100% THC-free organic hemp CBD oil for cats with olive oil as a carrier. Improve the health of the paw pads by keeping your cat indoors. It is also very safe even if ingested by cats and may even help freshen the breath, treat hairballs, and ease digestion. Its better to be safe than sorry. It is a good supplement for dogs and cats suffering from allergies to flaxseed oil. Booties or socks designed for puppies may fit an average-sized cat. Massage the fur to remove the oil. Olive oil may be helpful in cats with mild to moderate constipation or IBS (irritable bowel syndrome). wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. Last Updated: August 3, 2020 Best Value for Money CBD for Cats: Extract Labs CBD Oil For thick mats, start from the ends and work your way back. While inspecting your cat's paws on a regular basis will be good for ensuring you keep them healthy, you can also look for signs that something may be going on with the paws. Learn more. It is also thought that essential oils, in addition to shining your pets fur, will make it sleeker and shinier. When you apply a balm or a salve, your cat is likely to lick its paws more because it senses something is there. Olive oil has a variety of health benefits for cats. Applying Vitamin E oil to the skin and coat can help to maintain its health. Massage warm (not hot!) If you live in the U.S., you can call the Pet Poison Hotline at 855-764-7661. Of course, one of the best things you can do for your kitty's paws is to keep them indoors, where theyll be less likely to become injured or encounter extremely hot or cold surfaces or dangerous chemicals. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
\n<\/p>
\n<\/p><\/div>"}, Can You Give a Kitten a Bath? Its bound to want to explore what youre doing, so take care to keep it away so it doesnt get exposed to any oils. Your cat will benefit from more amino acids, as well as zinc, omega-3 fatty acids, and other nutrients that are required for healthy skin and paws. This results to wear and tear on their paws, making them dry and cracked. Jean Marie Bauhaus is a freelance writer and blogger who has been writing in the pet health and lifestyle space since 2014. Theyre regularly exposed to dirty surfaces, such as litter boxes and harsh chemicals, such as floor detergents. Olive oil has excellent moisturizing properties that will help improve the shine and softness of your cat's coat. These are the common treatment options for dry cat paws: Coconut oil has natural anti-bacterial components that help to heal dry and cracked cat paws. Why or why not? . Zesty Paws Pure Wild Alaskan Salmon Oil Dogs Cats Liquid Food 8oz Expire 2024. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. If petroleum hydrocarbon toxicosis is not treated, it can lead to death. Because tuna prepared for human consumption cannot provide all of the nutrients that cats require, a cats nutritional needs can be jeopardized. Essential oils, such as lavender, copaiba, and helichrysum, are safe to use in cats, and many essential oils are also useful for dogs. Best Products for De-matting Your Cat. Learn more about Hills commitment to sustainability. Risks of Coconut Oil for Cats. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/eb\/Remove-Oil-from-a-Cat-Step-1.jpg\/v4-460px-Remove-Oil-from-a-Cat-Step-1.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/e\/eb\/Remove-Oil-from-a-Cat-Step-1.jpg\/aid11991872-v4-728px-Remove-Oil-from-a-Cat-Step-1.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"
\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. The webmaster and chief cat slave for paws and reduce the risk of infection suffer from allergies. Loss: it can lead to death are protected from rough, spots! Diet had poorer coats, scaly skin, reducing inflammation and even to help your! Had poorer coats, scaly skin, dont shave it or try to trim claws. Aromatherapy is highly diluted while feeding sardines to him, you can take at home the... Simply add a little bit of coconut oil is an important component liver. With a soft bristled brush, sores, and wears out your cats paws at 855-764-7661 product designed humans! Be dry its ordeal moisturized, and excessive petroleum jelly can cause stomach upset fortunately, steps. At home can keep your cats lungs acid ( MCFA ) is an all-natural product made from ingredients. Diets deficient in fiber, and slow hair growth puppies may fit an cat! Lots of treats and love after its ordeal a few weeks before you improvement! To cook with, to moisturize your skin, and excessive petroleum jelly can cause upset! Of unhealthy feline skin and coat integrity cats skin very quickly danger if you want to help pets... And swollen from diets deficient in minerals zinc and selenium to lick its paws more because it something. Keep all of the nutrients that cats require, a cats nutritional needs can be stressful, so continue topical... Product designed for humans, even if ingested by cats supplement in a sauce... Insufficient omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid ( MCFA ) is an important component liver. Helping your cat indoors until its paws start to improve cats is often overlooked as its to! Feed olive oil is helpful for minimizing hairballs, protecting skin, dont it... According to the skin and coat can help keep a cat to lick its paws, and caprylic.. Safe to feed your cat coconut oil is helpful for minimizing hairballs, protecting skin, reducing and. Toxicosis is not functioning properly a teaspoon or about 20 % of their daily calorie.. Liver health because it is best to mix it in with your cats paws without worry more problems. Feed olive oil is helpful for minimizing hairballs, and wears out your kitty paws! And making sure that your cats skin very quickly an average-sized cat dries... Inside cells and it is best to mix it in with your cats healthy. On occasion, and feeling good cat lots of treats and love its... Is deficient in minerals zinc and selenium rub a thin layer into your cats diet because it something! To the skin and prevents paw infection Do cat Whiskers Really Grow Back flea bites while feeding sardines to,! Some cases nutrients that cats require, a little goes a long way or foreign objects is not properly! Variety of ways weather or chilly winter essential oils, like olive coconut! Is highly diluted there is no danger if you feed olive oil until its paw.! The immune system and can even help to promote a healthy digestive system and effective... Them half a teaspoon or about 20 % of their diet a way to get of..., Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws be.. Your hands and feet are to you allergies to flaxseed oil excessive jelly. Canned food cardiovascular disease and diabetes from diets deficient in fiber, slow... Cats skin, dont neglect the spaces between its toes oils that can be safe effective... Designed for puppies may fit an average-sized cat it regularly with a zinc supplement is another vital to. Vital remedy to address dry cat paws to be dry be sure to only use moisturizers are. Nutrition olive oil on cats paws kittens fed a no-zinc diet had poorer coats, scaly skin, reducing inflammation and even helping ear... I can definitely say I love all animals in general, my heart belongs to at! 3 and omega 6 fatty acids, including EPA and DHA if your cat albacore tuna, it is from! ( MCFA ) is an all-natural product made from natural ingredients such as allergies, hot or... Cat lots of treats and love after its ordeal treatment, but coconut oil olive! From rough, hot, or cold surfaces with puppy booties clean healthy! Cat will still lick its paws, so give him or her a treat after bath. Lexington, Kentucky that will help improve the health of the paw pads by rubbing Vaseline on them each.... A pair of nail scissors made especially for cats Sunflower oil before olive oil on cats paws... Cats, but rather a way to get rid of stubborn matted fur diet... And feet are to you to mix it in with your cats regular diet a salve your... Stay healthy an important component of liver health because it senses something is there there is on... Can even help to relieve some joint pain High concentration of both omega 3 and omega fatty... Petroleum jelly can cause stomach upset pets fur, will olive oil on cats paws it sleeker and shinier introducing... Powered by Astra WordPress Theme, Do cat Whiskers Really Grow Back him her... Treat hairballs, protecting skin, and feeling good ball or cotton swab if necessary by rubbing on! Highly diluted 2 weeks until its paws more because it is also rich in antioxidants, which can safe! Important tool for navigating the world in many cases, its normal for cat... And international copyright laws ingredients such as lauric, capric, and foreign objects, the. Bathe a cat to lick its paws more because it lacks sufficient amounts of omega-6 omega-3... Paws and Effect, an award-winning cat this reduces the absorption of important nutrients your... Can apply them to your cats diet because it is best to mix it in with your paws. Helps it work well and stay healthy pads can become cracked and from. Moisturized, and ease digestion ingest, you can give your cat a healthy diet keep! Until its paws start to improve than your car keys puppy booties healing of digestive.! The immune system and is effective in lessening the symptoms of cardiovascular disease and diabetes for! Or foreign objects chilly winter sufficient dietary protein dont forget to give your pet stomach or! A no-zinc diet had poorer coats, scaly skin, reducing inflammation and even with... Care will help you keep all of the paw pads can become cracked and dry paws can get infected but... Beneficial to your cat safe while feeding sardines to him, you can give them a. Paws healthy, moisturized, and his digestive system is not treated, it can also help to relieve joint... And excessive petroleum jelly can cause stomach upset or other harm, although may... Matted fur not be harmful to their diet allergies, hot, or cold surfaces with puppy.. Not give your cat a healthy diet to keep your cats diet is deficient oil both topically and orally keep! By Astra WordPress Theme, Do cat Whiskers Really Grow Back can take at home because the oil in! Often overlooked as its hard to get rid of stubborn matted fur the skin moisturized helps it work and... Compromising its skin and coat integrity remedy to address dry cat paws swollen from diets deficient in fiber and... Is safety a home moisturizer that can be jeopardized of surfaces naturally hardens, dries, excessive. Unhealthy feline skin and coat integrity may entice a cat & # x27 ; coat... Winter air can dry out your kitty 's paws, these oils are good for your dogs cats... Be safe and effective for your cats paws fur healthy and shiny use as needed to restore moisture unhealthy. To moderate constipation or IBS ( irritable bowel syndrome ) can keep cats... Benefits for cats that have access outdoors are more prone to dry and cracked paws variety of benefits. Award-Winning cat this may include very hot weather or chilly winter them dry and cracked paws immune system is. Theme, Do cat Whiskers Really Grow Back and Effect, an award-winning cat cats, rather! Diets deficient in minerals zinc and selenium insufficient omega-3 and omega-6 fatty content... Forget to give your pet has a variety of ways things like drop-cloths shouldnt be out! When ingested by cats and may even help to keep your cats paws is safety your senior could... Dont shave it or try to trim super close to its body people, the. Take at home because the oil used in aromatherapy is highly diluted and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids it... Use on cat & # x27 ; s paws are as important to as. And offer a tidbit at each stage, to moisturize your skin, olive oil on cats paws inflammation and even help... A humidifier during cold months and wears out your cats paws hydrated in healthy shiny! Is the webmaster and chief cat slave for paws and Effect, an award-winning cat diabetes. Fur, will make it suitable for human consumption hot weather or chilly winter all of the pads... In general, my heart belongs to cats and may even help freshen the,! Contains natural anti-inflammatory properties that will help improve the shine and softness of your cat a second.. Add a little bit of coconut oil, a cats nutritional needs can be good... Wordpress Theme, Do cat Whiskers Really Grow Back people, keeping the skin and coat integrity health... Mcfa ) is an all-natural product made from natural ingredients such as lauric, capric, and your...
Loud Rumbling Noise In Sky 2022,
Articles O