to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope

In the north, the Second Great Awakenings message and movement was just as powerful as in the South, and perhaps even more so. Many colonizationists believed African Americans slavery and racism were so deeply embedded in American life that blacks could never achieve equality if freed and allow to in the country" ( Foner, Eric. Further reproduction prohibited without . Many people, accustomed to thinking of salvation as being determined by God alone, found the possibility of playing an active role in determining their religious fate exhilarating. Douglass was a skilled orator and a prolific writer. Do not delete this text first. Preferred Pace of Life - the intent to remake human beings into free, morally upright citizens. \text{General Corporate Expenses} &&420,000\\ The increasing urbanization of the United States and the large numbers of immigrants, especially Germans, had transformed the nation in ways that were unfamiliar and that some found threatening. For most, this meant a few months of schooling a year in a one-room rural schoolhouse. \text{Amortization of Patent} &&125,000\\ \text{Common Stock}& 2,000,000& 2,000,000\\ Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, two of the excluded delegates, united to form an organization that would speak for oppressed women. Because it was generally inclusive of everyone, the message was spread to men and women, to rich and poor, and among slaves and free blacks alike. Others worked to make basic education available to all or sought to improve conditions in prisons and asylums. Historian James Sidbury has argued that Vesey and his conspirators sought to build their liberation movement through their access to books and their skill in interpreting them. The most important of these texts by far was the Bible; Vesey and church leaders argued that the Bible did not sanction slavery or command obedience from slaves. In many ways, the organized womens rights movement grew out of abolitionist organizations and the movement of the early 1800s. Generally, the evangelical movement changed over time and became more limiting and conservative in their views of race and gender. With this message of spiritual equality, American Christian movements focused on the ordinary people as well as the marginalized of society for the first time. For the most part, it appealed to the elite of society. Many southerners feared an uprising from within by the abolitionists. Both were popularly-rooted movements that emphasized conversion and a spiritual rebirth through personal religious experiences. \text{Accounts Receivable (Net of Estimated Uncollectibles}\\ The Latter Day Saint Movement (of which the Church of Jesus Christ and Latter Day Saints, popularly called the Mormons, is the most important branch) also was born in the Burned-Over District during the era of the Second Great Awakening. Women played a large role in education reform. Unlike the prevailing message of the Second Great Awakening in the Burned-Over district, the Mormon church was extremely patriarchial; women could achieve salvation only through obedience and submission to their husbands. Was used as an avenue to social advancement and was shared by the early labor movement, which made the establishment of common schools one of its goals. Each of these movements worked for freedom and emancipation and to grant a greater body of rights to two of the groups on the periphery of American society. In the 19th Century's Antebellum Era, Americans began several social reform movements influenced by transcendentalism and the Second Great Awakening. \text{Less Cost of Treasury Shares}& (1,000,000) &(1,400,000)\\ One of the most prominent abolitionists of the era was William Lloyd Garrison, publisher of the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator. However, there were limits to spiritual equality; although all were spiritually equal in the eyes of God, for many believers, African Americans and women were still inferior to white men in all other ways. Evangelical churches became tightlyknit communities that sought to transform society first as a force that determined and enforced values, morality, and conduct, and second, by outreach through moral reform societies that concentrated on reforming personal vices such as drinking, sexual misconduct, and gambling. For example, as Frederick Douglass rose to prominence as an orator in the abolitionist movement, he began speaking not only of his life as a slave, but also analyzing abolitionist policies. Two of the leading figures of the womens rights movement met at the 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention in London. These preachers travelled to the most remote areas, such as the Appalachian region, preaching to individuals, families, and communities. Reformers' definition of the free individual was the person who internalized the practice of self-control. A lot of the slaves that was born in the America have never even been to Africa. There are two main strands of literature on the antislavery origins of the sectional crisis. Camp meetings were a new form of religious expression for the United States. Calvinism, which taught that only an elect few Christians would be saved, lost much of its appeal; Americans instead turned to a relatively new kind of Christianity, evangelicalism. In 1821, Finney set out to preach in western New York. They were inspired in part by the success of British abolitionists. The reformist impulse also stemmed from new social conditions. Although Vesey's plans failed, southerners became terrified of losing control over slaves. It was characterized by the rise of abolition and the gradual polarization of the . Moreover, cultural, social, and political tensions arose between the foreign American population and the local population in Liberia. preconceived, presentist, and erroneous assumptions, neglecting to see the degree to which the past is truly diff erent from the present. Not all preachers took the same attitude towards women as Finney; many preachers in the north turned to the same passages and idea of Christian men as patriarchs to their wives, female relatives, and children that were used in the South to reassert the dominance of white males. The meetings typically lasted three to five days and were meant to reawaken or revive ones religious faith through an intense, emotional experience. Concept that empowered the women's movement to develop an all-encompassing critique of male authority and their own subordination. Revival and Religious Change. Perhaps unsurprisingly, as the message changed to reflect the prevailing ideas of the elite, the movement became more popular in the South as slave owners not only attended meetings themselves, but allowed and even encouraged the attendance of the slave population. Young female teachers staffed many of the schools. \text{Gain on Sale of Machinery and Equipment}&& 200,000\\ \text{Cost of Goods Sold}&&\$ 5,000,000\\ In asylums they receive temporary care and attention. 2. Even anti-slavery and abolitionist groups refused to grant full rights to black members. Gender \quad\text{of \$100,000 in 2012 and \$160,000 in 2013)}& 600,000 &500,000\\ What were the diverse sources of the antebellum women's rights movement? \text{Depreciation of Plant and Equipment and Amortization}\\ Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. a. \text{Building}& 4,000,000 &4,000,000\\ The difference were common school and institution was open to all children and were getting educated, a free training for individuals. As a result, some African American congregants left the evangelical churches because of racial discrimination or because they were barred from leadership positions within the church and founded their own evangelical denominations, such as the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) church. The Seneca Falls Convention was an important beginning to the womens rights movement and became the basis for the organization of annual conventions to support and develop the movement in years to come. Which of the following is not a component of stockholders equity? In later years, the Society provided the founding impetus to the Liberty Party, a political party with an abolitionist platform. Antebellum Reform Imagination A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the American Studies Program The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Robert Kent Nelson 2006. Antebellum culture in America reflected the growing sectional crisis, at times seeking to pave over sectional differences and at other times making light of them. These movements were generally more active in the Northern states. In the spirit of the Enlightenment, Unitarians held that theological ideology should be subject to rational thought and reason; Channing preached that my rational nature is from God. Unitarians attested to the oneness of God. As strict monotheists, Unitarians viewed Jesus as a saintly man, but not divine. As the movement progressed throughout the South, the many preachers used Biblical passages to support and bolster the institution of slavery and the role of white man as patriarch in model of the Old Testament: master to slaves, women, and children alike. Consolidated Balance Sheets \quad\text{Average Shares Outstanding)} &&\$ 2.68\\ During the 1830s and 1840s, Americans embarked on a program of institution building - jails for criminals, poorhouses for the destitute, asylums for the insane, and orphanages for children without families. The development of separate northern and southern economies, westward expansion of the nation, and a spirit of reform marked the era. But one of the greatest frustrations that many black abolitionists faced was the racism they sometimes experienced from their fellow white abolitionists. Moral reform groups promoted temperance, or abstinence from alcohol. The account spoke at length of Turners religiously informed views of slavery and of his interpretations of the Bible. Early nineteenth-century, most children were educated in locally supported schools and many had no access to learning at all. On the frontier, an offshoot of the Second Great Awakening sought to restore the Christian Church into one unified body patterned after the original, primitive, or fundamental, form of Christianity described in the New Testament. Throughout the country, preachers like Peter Cartwright and Charles Grandison Finney created such excitement with their sermons that their audiences became excessive and downright wild. All true Christians, according to Finney, should aim at being holy and not rest satisfied till they are as perfect as God. The religious music and hymns written during the era also helped draw crowds to the revivals; they appealed the common individual by using familiar melodies from popular music and featured folk instruments that many could play, such as the fiddle. Over the course of the next thirty years, Dix worked to help found thirty-two mental hospitals in the United States and abroad. Discuss any differences between the preferences of men and women. \quad\text{Total}& \$12,000,000 &\$ 9,200,000\\ Reformers argued that education prepares youth for social and civic duties as adults. However, the modern-day Seventh Day Adventist Church later grew out of the Millerite movement. d. 12.0012.0012.00 Reform Movements of the 19th Century. After the conspiracy was quelled, white Charlestonians accused black congregations of the same offense: falsifying and misinterpreting the Bible. The Grimk sisters, Sarah and Angelina, spoke out against the system of slavery in many forums. \text{Chicago Finance Corporation (40\\\% Owned)}& \$ 4,000,000 &\$ 2,200,000\\ What were the major goals of antebellum reform? We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Martin proceeded to use scriptural arguments to help convince other slaves to join the attack on the city. For example, Virginia passed legislation making it illegal to teach slaves, free blacks, or mulattoes to read or write. In 1821, the ACS helped to establish the colony of Liberia on the west coast of Africa and assisted some 13,000 slaves and free blacks to emigrate to the colony. \text{Patent}& \$ 750,000 &\$ 875,000\\ Her body, her possessions (Except personal items), her children. The new Protestant denominations, most prominently the Baptists and Methodists, grew in strength and numbers. \quad\text{Total Long-Term Debt}& \$ 5,000,000&\$ 6,000,000\\ Many of his followers sold their worldly goods and gathered either in churches or in fields to await the arrival of Jesus. The movement experienced what became to be known as the Great Disappointment when the morning of October 23 arrived rather than Jesus. By the 1820s, the Methodist and Baptist churches were the largest evangelical denominations. Preachers and believers all over the country saw humankind and society as good and perfectible, able to improve and strive to become more like God. What were the similarities between the common school and the institutions like asylums, orphanages, and prisons that were created by reformers? The antebellum period was marked by several major slave uprisings. But Transcendentalism had many more participants whose interests ranged across the spectrum of antebellum reform. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Harriet Beacher Stowe's novel was to some extent modeled on the autobiography of fugitive slave Josiah Henson. \text{Retained Earnings, December 31, 2013}&& \$ 5,000,000\\ Evaluate the extent to which social and intellectual reform movements during the antebellum era (1820-1860) represented an expansion of democratic ideals analyzing what changed and what stayed the same from the period before the era to the period after. To the eyes of many reformers, the movements in abolition and womens rights had much in common; many who worked to end slavery also called for the emancipation of women. Indeed, the womens rights movement had largely grown out of the anti-slavery movement. Slower Twenty years later in Charleston, South Carolina, lay-preacher Denmark Vesey led a similar conspiracy to incite rebellion. Many white abolitionists, despite their antislavery sentiments, refused to hire free black laborers. In some instances, whites and blacks had separate, adjacent meetings; in others, they attended the same camp meeting, but slaves were in segregated seating. , orphanages, and communities past is truly diff erent from the.! True Christians, according to Finney, should aim at being holy and not rest satisfied till are. The evangelical movement changed over time and became more limiting and conservative their. The same offense: falsifying and misinterpreting the Bible next thirty years, Dix to. Component of stockholders equity development of separate Northern and southern economies, westward expansion of the sectional crisis worked. 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