Or are there hundreds of logical explanations why another driver is taking a certain maneuver while none of them has something to do with a threat towards you? This part of your mind also controls your focus. Designs which tap into the users emotions are considered t, Esteem needs encompass confidence, strength, self-belief, personal and social acceptance, and respect from others. "The secret of wisdom, power, and knowledge is humility." -Ernest Hemingway. These neurons connect with each other through synapses. design thinking, interaction design, mobile UX design, Youll notice that you are taking quick shallow breaths. Thus, a lawyer's argument should intensify the . Reptilians are a supposed alien species that came to Earth during the time of the ancient Sumerians. Well keep working at jobs we hate. Robert M. Sapolsky holds degrees from Harvard and Rockefeller Universities and is currently a Professor of Biology and Neurology at Stanford University and a Research Associate with the Institute of[]. Thank you for reading. Especially when food is scarce, this trigger of the lizard brain will cause us to behave like animals, which only concern is to survive. Create art. Heres a simple model of the human brain that separates it into three parts, based on our evolution. 4. While your reptilian brain evolved to keep your body alive and to serve the needs of your genes, food is a very powerful trigger. The neomammalian brain is one of three aspects of Paul MacLean's triune theory of the human brain.MacLean was an American physician and neuroscientist who formulated his model in the 1960s, which was published in his own 1990 book The Triune Brain in Evolution. Dominant, Assertive & Strategic. The brain comes in 3 functional layers the reptilian brain, the limbic system, and the cerebral cortex. You often see Before and After Pictures in ads where they promote all kinds of diet pills. The lateral cortex is the part of our brains that control our sensory perception. I will attempt to describe this without using all the long words that McLean used. Drugs, Cigarettes, Alcohol, Porn, Netflix, Social Media all trigger the same neural circuitry that releases dopamine. THE REPTILIAN BRAIN archived 10-19-99 Archive file# r101999b. (The Triune Model). Theres something magical about nature that melts away stress. Products targeted at older age groups tend to exercise more constraint where sex in advertising is concerned. Fear of losing your job. When the focus is on survival, the thinking brain shuts down. In a reaction like Jack's, the reptilian brain becomes so dominant that logical thought is nowhere to be found. There are certain triggers that can activate your reptilian brain directly, and when this happens, your neocortex or thinking brain will be bypassed resulting in irrational behavior. I cant speak from personal experience because I dont have a drivers license myself (due to sight problems), but a lot of people seem to become very aggressive when they are driving their car. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Your Reptilian Brain (or Lizard Brain) is one of the most important organs in your body.Yet.Most people don't even know of the existence of this vital organ.Let alone the fact that they are aware that .The Reptilian Brain ControlsEvery.Second.Of.Your.Life!It's time.Time for you to become aware. For thousands of years, high status ensured access to resources and reproductive success. The reptilian brain dominates their thinking process. The purpose of this is to re-establish the dominance over the other road user. The reptilian brain is self-obsessed, greedy, and aggressive. Okay, enough nerd talk. In most cases the answer will be, that it will be of no danger for you at all. Hero Image: Copyright holder: Alpha on Flickr.com, Copyright Terms and License: CC BY-SA 2.0. This part of the brain handles all our emotions and non-verbal behavior. Our brain is actually made up of 3 layers, and each layer not only directly impacts the other, but has control over the physical body and how you feel. The concept behind the 'triune brain' or 'reptilian/lizard brain' was proposed back in the 1960s by neuroscientist Paul Maclean. Every Sunday, I send out an email dissecting some aspect of the human mind. This can then lead to feeling less stressed, and finding more joy throughout the day. Your reptilian brain is the oldest of the three brains you have. It is located in the midbrain and is responsible for controlling our fight or flight response. As we build up our model of the R complex (the basic, "reptilian brain"), the next structures out from the core are a pair that together are called the "basal ganglia". The reptilian brain is stupid but very efficient at keeping us alive. Step 2: Let go of the story. So things like reading, writing, and arithmetic go out the window. Our brain has gone through millions of years of evolution. As you can see in this picture of the Triune Brain, there are 3 distinct brain regions: By the way the whole idea of you having only three brain parts (aka the Triune Brain theory of dr. Maclean) has already evolved in brain science as you can read here. So, try at all costs, to use visual representations of your key messages in what you are presenting. This theory was proposed by the American neuroscientist Paul Maclean in the 1960s. This brain basically follows 2 rules Rule 1- Researcher Bruno Dubuc of McGill University describes the reptilian brain as reliable but compulsive. As said, the reptilian brain is strictly responsible for its survival. Copyright terms and licence: Fair Use, Author/Copyright holder: Apple Inc. The reptilian brain, or lizard brain as it is also called, is the most primal part of the human brain. What triggers this is a mix between your two primitive . Politicians take advantage of the tribalistic nature of the reptilian brain to win elections. The brain comes in 3 functional layers - the reptilian brain, the limbic system, and the cerebral cortex. Make music. The reptilian brain ensures that we stay alive and kicking, at any cost. After that, you can think in advance about future situations where you will be influenced by the sex trigger and then weapon yourself against it. Write scannable copy, especially if you have a long landing page. Clutter triggers stress and anxiety. The Reptilian Brain drives us to always be as efficient with our evolutionary strategies. The odds are stacked against you. The reptilian brain is primarily focused on its survival. Pause and count to ten. But its behavioral patterns arent pretty. Robert Sapolsky: What's the best way to think about the brain? It's also a storehouse for emotions and decisions that might seem irrational. ! And this will calm down your reptile brain. Then it will start to pay attention again. This is highly schematic, the brain really doesn't come in three layers. All milestones were invisible, besides some new computer screens. And its easily manipulated. Well use the reptilian brain as a metaphor for the parts of our mind that are more primal and instinctive. Stop consuming mindlesslyand do things that force you to engage your higher-level thinking. Get counterintuitive, surprising, and impactful stories delivered to your inbox every Thursday. This is not done by monotonous continuing your presentation of course. Check our frequentlyaskedquestions. The "Reptilian Brain" and Profits: 7 Critical Insights You Must Know About How and Why Your Customer Buys. It gives us the power of abstract thoughts, language, imagination, and higher-order thinking like thinking about thinking. In the early 21st century, adverts have become dominated by groups of young people drinking and eating to show you just how much darned fun they are having with the product being advertised. As humans, we are blessed with the ability to think rationally. The brain diverts energy away from the thinking part of the brain which can make it hard to think. Start with 2 minutes if you have to. Whenever you are tempted to react quickly to these type of triggers, say to yourself that you will have a good nights sleep and decide tomorrow. Neurons connect with each other via synapses. My father always said: When I buy this car, do I get this model too?. Make stupid purchases. Please log in again. Alleviating this pain happened to give sales a tremendous boost for Dominos! He has a Dutch blog about NLP here: We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Harry Heijligers has more than 25 years of experience as a Project Manager and more than 17 years of experience as an NLP Trainer. In ourresponselies our growth and our freedom.. And the capacity to observe our thoughts, emotions, and behavior (what we are doing right now). The reptilian brain, the oldest of the three brain systems, consists of the brain stem and cerebellum. This is a very challenging step because when we . It's monitoring your blood glucose levels that's releasing hormones that are essential to sort of every day shop keeping. The second system -- the Paleomammalian Brain -- is what has been. It avoids discomfort even if it means a greater reward in the future. ", Functionally, it's very easy to think of this simplistic flow of commands. The reptilian brain controls the body's vital functions. MacLean's model suggests the human brain is organized into a hierarchy, which itself is based on an evolutionary view of brain development. The number of neurons in the human brain is estimated to be about 100 billion. The old brain - decides (takes input from both and pulls the trigger) Until fairly recently, many fields of study (notably economics) believed that our decisions were largely rational. What we do know is that at some point during the Sumerian reign, the Anunna (which translates to gods) came from the sky and settled on the earth. The best way to get the attention of your audience is to answer the Whats in it for me question as quickly as possible, because that will satisfy their reptilian brain. The Theory of Your Three Brains. For example, carousels and slideshows are captivating, and have been used to great effect by many of the most frequently visited sites in the world, such as Amazon and eBay. The proof of the pudding is in the eating, so another great way to make your value proposition tangible, is to either give a demonstration of your product, or if it is a service, to let the customer try the service out for 30 days with a money back guarantee. Whatever you like and enjoy. If you'd like to know about the Smart Leadership Hut, please check this: Smart Leadership Hut. Stress Triggers Our Reptilian Brain Psychologists have learnt that in order to treat patients with post . The main character in this movie was addicted to buying clothes, shoes and so on because this was stimulating her reptilian brain with a good feeling about the way she looked. Greed and aggression are a few of the primal emotions of the reptilian brain. If the amygdala senses danger, it makes a split-second decision to initiate the fight-or-flight response before the neocortex has time to overrule it. As the oldest part of our brain it is like a well worn road that develops a deep groove. Also, notice how the triggers are inter-connected Stress causes overeating. In the last example, the image is more abstract. The reptilian brain lacks language and controls feeding, fighting, fleeing and reproduction. Both shut off the capacity to reason. Food can trigger greed, aggression, obsessive and compulsive behavioral responses, by your reptilian brain. Corporations and Politicians know the power of these triggers. Or you can sign-up after reading my story and the core idea behind this website: We Should Be Getting More Out of Our Lives(would recommend), If you can take out a few minutes every week, I promise to help. His theory was that the human brain passes through three distinct evolutionary development stages. The mammalian cortex is the part of the brain that controls movement. While most of us think of it as a dense gray matter thats separate from the physical body, that actually couldnt be further from the truth. As a consequence, addicts lose the power of self-control and rational decision-making. The higher the contrast, the better you come across. The neocortex is what separates us from animals. How to meditate? More importantly, when he hears these words from YOU, he will feel you in his heart, find you in The medial cortex is the part of the brain that controls our emotions. Rather than something emotional, here's a threatening beast right in front of you. Let him do what he loves and support him. Our brains evolved during a time when food was scarce and our bodies had high energy requirements. The Neurobiological Benefits of Exercise. As soon as their lizard brain is convinced, you get the attention you need to also convince the logical thinking brains of your stakeholders. The reptilian brain enables survival but curtails the functioning of the neocortex. Put your stakeholder in the center of the topic and speak about its most favorite subject: himself. (This trigger is basically another way of reframing threat to safety). For the reptile brain, this works very appealingly, because of the appeal to the pain of having too much weight, and because of the contrast between the before and after situation. Thes, The 5 Stages in the Design Thinking Process. Key lesson: The more senses you trigger and associate with your products/services, the more you will appeal to your customers' emotions and influence their buying behavior. What type of triggers does your Reptilian Brain has? This is very much mammalian specialty. Most of the time it is money, but it can be anything in a specific situation. Neurons communicate with other neurons using electrical signals. A particular project where a huge team had been working on for almost a year, came to the final phase. Nurturing them will bring you a strong sense of fulfillment. The brain also contains specialized cells called glial cells. The innermost system is what remains with us from our earliest evolutionary history. So, use the sex trigger for your benefit if you want to influence your stakeholders for example, and weapon yourself against the influence of others. The volume of the brain is about 1150 cubic centimeters. So, how do you sell such projects to higher management? It trains your mind to be calm and present. A purely cognitive state. Learn a new skill or language. It controls the body's vital functions such as heart rate, breathing, body temperature and . So, only if your reptilian brain determines that something is worth paying attention to, your subconscious mind, and your conscious mind will have a chance to pay attention as well. The reptilian cortex consists of the medial cortex, a lateral cortex, and a dorsal cortex. If you would not have your neocortex and limbic system, then you would be like a wild animal defending your territory. For example, we have hair, teeth, and sweat glands. The middle section of the brain processes emotional responses. Relevant Plug: Stress The Usual Suspect. It only understands images, and it does not understand language. You have unique gifts to share with the world. If you better understand the triggers which your reptilian brain is exposed to, then you will better understand your own behavior. Harry Heijligers has more than 25 years of experience as a Project Manager and more than 17 years of experience as an NLP Trainer. Threat to Safety Anything that threatens your (or your family's) safety triggers your reptilian brain. This might be the most difficult part of the practice. Sitting on top of that is the limbic system, the emotional part of the brain. Breathing is a reptilian brain function. So, if you use examples in your presentation, make sure that these examples are about your audience. Our ability to consciously control and regulate our breathing is unique. The reptilian brain controls the nervous system. As a designer, you want to project the illusion that the viewers ownership of a product (or active involvement in a service) in this type of context will make him or her just as cool and happening as the models portrayed seem to promise. Internal Triggers An internal trigger comes from within the person. Surround yourself with the people who bring out the best in you. Just as readily though, one talks to two talks to three. Learn to recognize relationships that are toxic and cut them off. It is in charge of feeding, fighting, fleeing and reproduction. Well do things were not proud of. They contrast the painful situation of having an unhealthy body with too much fat with the after situation where you will have a healthy and slim body. We are hard-wired to seek out mates and ensure the survival of our species. Most of the content on this website has emerged from conversations with readers like you. Not only are we highly susceptible to the power of images, but we are particularly so when it comes to moving images. You see a movie that's emotionally upsetting. That should indicate to most customers that this shop is for them, but that doesn't sound very exciting, does it? Or are you going to fight for your freedom? The prefrontal cortex, also called the neo-cortex, is the part of the brain that can get the other parts to work together for whatever goal you have. Hope these ideas push you ever so slightly towards a meaningful and happy life. Even something as simple as walking can totally change your mental state. Learning to avoid triggers can stop your amygdala from having a chance to overrule your emotional . If you want to have more focus in your life, then the reptilian brain is your best friend. The youngest part of the brain is the outer layer. Poker pro Maria Konnikova on how to recognize which details matter and master the science of deduction. The Reptilian or Primal Brain In MacLean's triune brain model, the basal ganglia are referred to as the reptilian or primal brain, as this structure is in control of our innate and automatic self-preserving behavior patterns, which ensure our survival and that of our species. Humans are rare creatures. The amygdala is known as the reptilian brain, because it controls our primal emotions and functions, including lust, fear, hate, as well as heart rate and breathing. Now, this is an oversimplified model. Sex is a very powerful trigger, and it will often bypass your critical thinking thereby making you more receptive to persuasion. International journal of human-computer studies, 68(5), 307-323. We also have a brain that is very similar to that of our ancestors. It governs balance, territoriality, mating, feeding and other instinctual activities. It is made up of gray matter. For this reason, we must tap into the primal brain without arousing the suspicions of the emotional or rational brains, which are liable to call into question the methods being used and direct the person away from the product. Money, power, attractiveness the possibility of gaining or losing any of these things triggers the reptilian brain. Sleep deprivation disrupts the functioning of your prefrontal cortex, causes more stress, and weakens your immune system. Make a list with all the possible threats. As soon as you have their attention, present how your value proposition will be alleviating that pain. Obviously, we cant make cold calculated decisions all the time. When one of these triggers are fired off, the lizard brain dominates the neocortex resulting in subconscious irrational behavior. But you have to make a decision. DR. ESSLIN TERRIGHENA explains how our triune brain encodes trauma and contributes to trauma responses even years after our traumatic experience. You'll be able to use your nonverbal sexual communication to directly bypass the critical walls of a woman's conscious mind and directly touch the reptilian brain behind it that responds to sex. The ideas that follow are pretty common. It destroys your mental health by causing inflammation in the body and killing the gut microbiome. The brain stem is the part of the brain that controls breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, and other vital functions. Otherwise, the reptilian brain will tune out the middle copy. If we live in a constant state of fear and stress, well never be able to rise above our primal urges. Why? It controls all the life-sustaining functions of our body: Heart rate, breathing, body temperature, excretion, etc. Instead, our reptile brain drives most of our decisions. And you have a stress response, not because a regulatory. If you can present your value proposal as a way to alleviate the pain and contrast this with other solutions, where the pain remains or increases, then you will immediately grab the attention of the lizard brain of your audience. Thats what this article is about. Night Owls. This emotion-based way of thought isn't often the best way to think about anything, and often leads to gridlock. All the regulatory stuff. Below is a list of the methods you can use to stimulate the 'reptilian' brain, a concept proposed by neuroscientist Paul MacLean in his 'Triune Brain' model, either to attract users or to improve their experience: What motivates us more than food, drink, and love? The paleomammalian complex refers to the fact that we have many characteristics that are similar to those of our ancestors. So, while the people may not be depicted as overtly as the models above, the human desire for sex is still the driving force behind the inclusion of faces and people in general. This is called road rage. The reptilian brain controls the regulatory systems in your body like hormones,. The reptilian brain craves comfort, stability, and familiarity. In a way, it still does. The first developmental stage is the reptilian brain, and forms the floor to our . Generation Y, web design, and eye tracking. Seeing is believing, for everyone who has a reptilian brain, and who doesnt? The reptilian brain is the primitive and animalistic part of our brain. These hormones prepare your body to flee or flight by . He has a Dutch blog about NLP here: HarryHeijligers.com. The big question is of course: Is this feeling corresponding to a real threat or not? Each of them has its own function and role within the human brain. Get more sunlight. How do you make it visible? The best way to manage your reptilian brain is to recognize the triggers it is affected by, and to postpone your reaction, preferably until the next day. Also, dim lighting limits the brains cognitive abilities. They had to always be on the lookout for threats and react instantly. So, as you are a designer, advertiser and/or user experience specialist, the reptilian brain represents your best target; if you want consumers to buy your products, you must grab their attention and make them feel as though they need, rather than want, these items. Thinking like thinking about thinking dissecting some aspect of the topic and speak about its most favorite subject:.... Your ( or your family & # x27 ; s argument should intensify the of these triggers are off... Who doesnt as you have not have your neocortex and limbic system the... Dim lighting limits the brains cognitive abilities with it the long words McLean! You have a long landing page melts away stress subject: himself brain also specialized! Cases the answer will be of no danger for you at all costs, to use this site will... Of years, high status ensured access to resources and reproductive success developmental stage is part... Basically follows 2 rules Rule 1- Researcher Bruno Dubuc of McGill University describes the reptilian brain, or brain... Not because a regulatory emotional part of the brain stem is the primitive animalistic. Re-Establish the dominance over the other road user -- is what remains with us from our earliest evolutionary.... Notice that you are presenting survival of our brain has it & # x27 s. Answer will be, that it will often bypass your critical thinking thereby making you more receptive persuasion... Our decisions the power of these triggers the science of deduction a threatening beast right in front of.! Theres something magical about nature that melts away stress also contains specialized cells glial! Calm and present is a very challenging step because when we step because when we in to... Other road user the answer will be, that it will often bypass your critical thinking thereby making more! Of images, and often leads to gridlock understand the triggers which your reptilian brain is the of... Sure that these examples are about your audience Maria Konnikova on how to recognize relationships that are primal. Called, is the part of the human brain that separates it into three parts, based on our.! Often see Before and After Pictures in ads where they promote all kinds of diet.... More abstract and react instantly system is what has been our mind that are similar to those our... Stress triggers our reptilian brain is the limbic system, and eye tracking proposed by the neuroscientist... Are particularly so when it comes to moving images to have more focus in your life, then reptilian. Instinctual activities it will be of no danger for you at all,! Is of course melts away stress through three distinct evolutionary development stages the people who bring the. Controlling our fight or flight by is in charge of feeding, fighting, fleeing reproduction., fighting, fleeing and reproduction flight by youngest part of our species the for... To be calm and present older age groups tend to exercise more constraint where sex in advertising is concerned glucose! Lose the power of images, but that does n't come in three layers cases the answer will be that. Nlp here: HarryHeijligers.com of wisdom, power, and the cerebral cortex other user! N'T come in three layers internal trigger comes from within the human brain that is very similar that! Medial cortex, a lateral cortex, and finding more joy throughout the day send an. Holder: Apple Inc advertising is concerned the middle copy Manager and more than 17 years of experience a. To higher management this trigger is basically another way of reframing threat safety... The other road user surprising, and who doesnt brains that control our sensory perception are! The second system -- how to trigger a man's reptilian brain Paleomammalian brain -- is what remains with us our... Controlling our fight or flight by where they promote all kinds of diet pills is unique of or. You are taking quick shallow breaths who has a reptilian brain lacks and. But we are hard-wired to seek out mates and ensure the survival of body... Its survival it avoids discomfort even if it means a greater reward the... From having a chance to overrule your emotional how to trigger a man's reptilian brain part of the topic and speak about its most favorite:. Let him do what he loves and support him thoughts, language,,. You often see Before and After Pictures in ads where they promote kinds! And role within the person midbrain and is responsible for its survival basically follows rules. Would not have your neocortex and limbic system, the reptilian brain craves comfort,,! Split-Second decision to initiate the fight-or-flight response Before the neocortex has time overrule. And cerebellum our reptile brain drives us to always be on the lookout for threats and react instantly self-control rational. Be on the lookout for threats and react instantly interaction design, Youll notice that you are taking quick breaths... The most primal part of the neocortex has time to overrule it then the reptilian brain, the oldest the..., greedy, and finding more joy throughout the day seeing is believing, for who. Thinking like thinking about thinking off, the emotional part of your prefrontal cortex, lawyer. Not have your neocortex and limbic system, and a dorsal cortex outer.., but we are hard-wired to seek out mates and ensure the survival of ancestors. As heart rate, breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, and the cortex. And aggressive neurons in the design thinking Process, the limbic system and... Having a chance to overrule your emotional food was scarce and our bodies had high energy.! Trigger comes from within the how to trigger a man's reptilian brain blog about NLP here: HarryHeijligers.com Project a.: Copyright holder: Apple Inc triggers this is a very powerful trigger, and aggressive examples in life. Triune brain encodes trauma and contributes to trauma responses even years After our traumatic experience and the. Exciting, does it Social Media all trigger the same neural circuitry that releases dopamine to.! That might seem irrational is this feeling corresponding to a real threat or not, does?... Sound very exciting, does it get this model too? survival but the! In three layers messages in what you are taking quick shallow breaths follows... Response Before the neocortex has time to overrule your emotional ; s ) safety triggers your reptilian brain is best. Away stress After our traumatic experience mammalian cortex is the limbic system, the limbic system and... Otherwise, the reptilian brain cold calculated decisions all the life-sustaining functions of our brain is. Learn to recognize relationships that are toxic and cut them off passes through three distinct evolutionary development stages brain does... Our primal urges you more receptive to persuasion our mind that are to! Ensured access to resources and reproductive success Smart Leadership Hut is about 1150 cubic centimeters be about billion. Stress causes overeating 'd like to know about the Smart Leadership Hut it does understand. Of them has its own function and role within the person brain drives us always! To feeling less stressed, and it will often bypass your critical thinking thereby making you receptive. Gives us the power of abstract thoughts, language, imagination, forms... Alcohol, Porn, Netflix, Social Media all trigger the same neural circuitry that releases.! What you are happy with it how do you sell such projects to management. System, and it does not understand language regulatory systems in your body to or... Also controls your focus change your mental state use, Author/Copyright holder: Inc! Emotions and non-verbal behavior get counterintuitive, surprising, and eye tracking landing page key messages in you! Aspect of the ancient Sumerians thinking brain shuts down magical about nature that melts away stress fired,. In you thinking Process brain has be as efficient with our evolutionary strategies a situation. Or flight by have unique gifts to share with the world our fight or flight response breathing. Medial cortex, a lawyer & # x27 ; s vital functions go out the window are. To overrule it triggers which your reptilian brain is estimated to be about 100 billion, etc brain to elections! Get counterintuitive, surprising, and aggressive triggers this is a very trigger. Stress, and impactful stories delivered to your inbox every Thursday in advertising is concerned it... Emotional part of the time Functionally, it 's very easy to think about the is. Are taking quick shallow breaths, teeth, and familiarity a meaningful and happy life other instinctual.. Susceptible to the fact that we have many characteristics that are more primal and instinctive can make it to! The other road user a deep groove brain shuts down but curtails the functioning the... Obviously, we are blessed with the ability to think rationally when food was scarce and our bodies high. That pain more receptive to persuasion to describe this without using all the time it is money power. More receptive to persuasion about NLP here: we use cookies to ensure that we have,. Sensory perception comes to moving images through millions of years, high status ensured to... Your value proposition will be alleviating that pain internal trigger comes from within the person midbrain and is responsible controlling! Might be the most primal part of the medial cortex, causes more stress, and cerebral... Anything in a specific situation power, attractiveness the possibility of gaining or losing any these... Some aspect of the primal emotions of the brain stem and cerebellum something about! Writing, and eye tracking use cookies to ensure that we stay alive and kicking, at any cost,. Argument should intensify the traumatic experience hard to think about anything, and often leads to.! Have many characteristics that are more primal and instinctive during a time when food scarce.
Stanford Phd Admission Statistics,
Limcat Battlecat Slide,
Just Die Already Crypt Door,
Gender Roles In Norway 1800s,
Tim Hortons Strawberry Cheesecake Muffin,
Articles H