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Eurasia Journal of Mathematics. 10.31234/osf.io/au4nk. Qualitative analysis, Descriptors: Culturally Relevant Education, Cultural Awareness, Preservice Teachers, Teacher Competencies, Ramlo, Susan E. International Journal of Research & Method in Education, 2020, Within mixed methods research, a key issue is how to mix qualitative and quantitative research orientations. Students sense of responsibility was enhanced by the ERT state. To examine what the odds were that face to face transition to online would impact grades, this study used suggestions made by the National Center for Special Education Research of the U.S Department of Education [55]. For example, in the light of such concerns, many higher education administrators are contemplating or deciding to reopen campuses as early as fall 2020. Based on their study, Gonzalez etal. Watson A., McKinnon T., Prior S., Richards L., Green C.A. Psychological state of college students during COVID-19 epidemic. Be cognizant of technology constrains and use multi-modal and multi-media artifacts. The site is secure. <> 62 0 obj This creates a sense of camaraderie and familial rapport. In the context of learning, a few studies were found relating to medical and K-12 education. Sintema E.J. According to a survey conducted by Axios, 65% of students want to come back to college, despite the absence of vaccines or other viable safety measures against the virus. [17] discuss related concerns such as the availability of internet and sufficient bandwidth, geopolitical constraints, and the lack of skillset to design effective online courses. N, %qp Lancet The. endobj shows a pie chart of the positive vs negative distribution. Cohen's d effect, using Ray and Shadish's [68] Method 2, was also calculated. 3 0 obj Development: The MMAT was, Descriptors: Mixed Methods Research, Evaluation Methods, Research Design, Evaluation Criteria, Nkwonta, Chigozie A.; Dawson, Robin M.; Adegboyega, Adebola Journal of American College Health, 2022, Objective: Half of new human papilloma virus ( (HPV)) infections occur between the ages of 15 and 24. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation. When we understand ERT in this manner, we can start to divorce it from "online learning (p.6). In the context of learning, students are significantly more engaged and concentrate much harder when presented with unique, unprecedented challenges in their learning. What the top 25 colleges and universities in the US have said about their plans to reopen in fall 2020, from postponing the semester to offering more remote coursework. Additionally, when evaluation parameters used for distance/online education is applied to ERT, it may lead to unfair and unsubstantiated notions that prevent its acceptance more readily. <>stream Flow is identified as the experience of complete absorption in the present moment ([62], p.195). As the data revealed, students found the ERT experience to be seriously difficult due to multiple factors including greater time commitment, difficulties consuming online course materials and less structured environments that increased their responsibilities as learners. Students of distance/online courses and programs usually choose to join voluntarily, and designers of such programs purposefully plan for them to be online from the start [6], [39]. COVID-19 Navigating the uncharted. In: Moore M.G., editor. Most importantly, unlike fully online environments that operate on distinctly different set of rules than face to face, ERT uses several practices and features of face to face teaching, but does so using alternative methods [9], [39]. Vacha-Haase T., Thompson B. The statistical results indicate that students performed equally or significantly higher when situated in the ERT environment. Sintema [77] suggests that the closures may have a negative effect on K-12 STEM student population in Zambia, based on a qualitative, interview-based study. endstream In part two which is the theoretical part, the researcher indicates two main types of researches which are, Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Researchers, Ari, Fatih; Arslan-Ari, Ismahan; Vasconcelos, Lucas TechTrends: Linking Research and Practice to Improve Learning, 2022, The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate early childhood preservice teachers' perceptions of computer science and gender stereotypes in computer science, and perceptions of coding in early childhood education. Research suggests that VUCA can manifest in short term, sudden crisis events, and can motivate people to cope with the associated stress by creating flow states, self-compassion, mindfulness, and learning opportunities [59], [60], [85]. Below is a discussion of how VUCA and Flow elements could possibly be the catalyst for generating higher performances in students facing ERT. <>>>>>/Resources<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> There were no comments pertaining to the lack of knowledge or competencies to use technology. Given that the sample was from undergraduate students, it is likely that they were digital natives who had technological competencies and were using devices and software for personal and academic purposes [32], [36], [66]. Alpha-level were set at 5% (= .05). Create a file for use with citation management software, in a, Smith, Ken; Zajda, Joseph Education and Society, 2018, The purpose of this article is to provide a critique of the main concepts of qualitative and quantitative methodologies for conducting research. 0000000016 00000 n startxref The process of moving suddenly from face to face to remote created challenges of learning that students were able to deal with through their resilience and skills. How online and face-to-face group learning affect test scores and group participation. 311 11 To determine the statistical and practical significance of the experiment, the effect size was interpreted by considering the outcome being studied [82], using effect size tests as suggested by Durlak [22]. A key concern relating to the current ERT situation is whether it could and should be sustained long term, at least till such time as vaccinations and other medical necessities are available. This will help mitigate the disruption. The study's findings indicate strong connections to principles derived from concepts of VUCA as explained above, as well as the Flow State of Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi [62]. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. This is unsurprising since grades and GPA measures are by far the most readily available assessments for institutions ([91], p.7). (8CW#8 8M6 v 2IO"Lz N 7"]870V[`,B {FCG)c`aN:i0F(h5LgVzK_TXe rd'C$5=#R9D*eTp@g_Vz5D NKn$f(yK3bY6CP].je0`}_A-/<5$L9nu zHBe|wch91x28~rxY~,!^K}`7Et/ :(ux_o~H.PHG \s#2?!&^n%C{_M However, the SARS-COV-2 pandemic and associated ERT measures have opened up a much needed gateway for educational institutions to research and find useful and viable ways to develop symbiotic plans using pedagogical, technological, economic, social and geopolitical elements that could safely and surely propel the industry into the future, while dealing effectively with volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity. All course materials adhered to the institution's curriculum goals and requirements. 61 0 obj This is particularly significant, given the challenges of evaluating ERT strategies. These challenges were brought on by the VUCA state, as discussed in the previous sub section. The purpose of this study is to add to the literature and provide crucial insights into the impact of the SARS pandemic induced ERT on learner performance, using a quantitative research approach with experimental design. For such students it may be helpful to have access to the same or similar information through more conventional means such as pdf and text. Fong M.W., Gao H., Wong J.Y., Xiao J., Shiu E.Y., Ryu S., Cowling B.J. In the study's context, it is possible that students were in the flow state, not just because they had skills sets to deal with ERT demands, but also because of the intrinsic motivation of engaging in their learning more robustly to deal with the trauma of the pandemic crisis, emulating an Autotelic Experience with intense concentration, clear goals and feedback, a balance of challenge and skill, merging of actions and awareness, a sense of control, and enjoyment in flow states ([71], p.3). (No. Our education, our concerns: Medical student education impact due to COVID19. Academic achievement is almost entirely measured with grades (by course or assignment) and GPA. To further elucidate the key terms, the volatility relates to unprecedented and unpredictable nature, speed, and scope of change. The pandemic generated a uniquely challenging state of existence within which institutions were forced to adopt ERT. <> The .gov means its official. displays the positive-negative remarks map and Fig. Here's a look at the impact of coronavirus (covid-19) on colleges and universities in the u.s. Durlak J.A. Rothschild N. Axios; 2020, May 13. In areas in which actors perceive themselves as being closely accountable, crises prompt them to process information effectively. There is strong suggestion in the literature that students and faculty prefer face to face over online/distance learning, for what they perceive to be difficult subjects. Meeting the Digital Natives: Understanding the acceptance of technology in classrooms. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. %%EOF Careers. As shown in Fig. More responsibility as a student is good, being more responsible helps my procrastination, 13. Technical issues, had low bandwidth that made video recording and movie making hard, my computer did not have enough juice to want videos sometimes. As such, careful consideration must be given to how institutions handle the pandemic situation moving forward [39], [86]. Emergency remote teaching in a time of global crisis due to CoronaVirus pandemic. <> If the cause for the decline is mainly social distancing policies, and if we have not achieved herd immunity, then reopening businesses may lead to additional severe outbreaks of COVID-19 ([47], p.3). Learning under uncertainty: Networks in crisis management. 38 0 obj Performance and grades are considered important indicators of academic success, which is why there is a great need for more tangible evidence that ERT related online learning is indeed harmful for learners performances, since this may be useful to make informed decisions on developing strategies to adjust learning environments to serve stakeholders safely and productively. Send an email containing a link to this search page and a summary of the results (limited to 50). Essentially, a Flow state induces supreme action using all available skills to deal with an original challenge. Based on this analysis, the overall performance of the experimental group was higher than the control. The data from this study revealed that students wanted to discuss emotional, personal, and family issues more openly with their professors. No significant distance between face-to-face and online instruction: Evidence from principles of economics. This is appropriate given the problem statement discussed earlier. The participant was purposefully selected from a number of people who had sought career counselling in a private practice context. One professor added weekly work, which was not part of the original course package, to mark online attendance. Jaggars S.S. Online learning in community colleges. [19] suggest against any policies that encourage moving to online as they believe such policies might not be an efficient use of resources and that the students might not be well-served by such policies (p.545). Burgess S., Sievertsen H.H. %PDF-1.4 % Students experienced their learning in an acute moment to moment immersion. trailer Bejerano A.R. about navigating our updated article layout. endobj Ellis etal. Ferguson J., Tryjankowski A.M. Online versus facetoface learning: Looking at modes of instruction in master'slevel courses. International Affairs Office. Rundle A.G., Park Y., Herbstman J.B., Kinsey E.W., Wang Y.C. 2 0 obj AppendPDF Pro 5.5 Linux Kernel 2.6 64bit Oct 2 2014 Library 10.1.0 Face-to-face or online instruction? endobj Drift and decision in higher education). Wilson D., Allen D. Success rates of online versus traditional college students. How to select, calculate, and interpret effect sizes. endobj Additionally, there were concerns about collaborative and group work. When in this state, people experience their situations moment to moment, characterized by intense focus on the present moments, and the realization that the experience of the activity is intrinsically rewarding, and often such that the end goal is juts an excuse for the process ([62], p.196). Additionally, participants shared student perceptions of the ERT experience from their respective courses using excerpts from course discussion forums and personal communications between the faculty and students. endobj , and Figs. SDy(zx] 8PDsB (L $+db{%]r1UiUqu_i)mJy)]K3zLu!,KD} <> Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. 1 and and4,4, students found communication to be a key factor in making their experiences positive or negative. 1, participants found ERT to be significantly negative, even though some positive elements were also mentioned. The crisis has made extraordinary demands on learners, faculty, administrators and staff, who are still dealing with the challenges as best as they can. government site. The findings rest on the positive side of remote teaching, indicating no negative impact of remote transitioning on learner grades. Participants shared deidentified gradebooks from the randomly selected courses. (What ever happened to the faculty? The three caveats for the course selection were: This ensured that data was a mix of students who had experienced pre and post pandemic situations, and that different teaching styles and subject matter were represented in the sample. Elsevier Public Health Emergency Collection, https://www.natcom.org/communication-currents/face-face-or-online-instruction-face-face-better, https://voxeu.org/article/impact-covid-19-education, https://www.forbes.com/sites/andrewdepietro/2020/04/30/impact-coronavirus-covid-19-colleges-universities/#760b13f461a6, https://www.pivotpl.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Pivot_StateofEducation_2020_White-Paper.pdf, https://www.businessinsider.com/how-major-us-colleges-plan-reopen-for-fall-2020-semester-2020-5, https://medicine.hofstra.edu/pdf/faculty/facdev/facdev-article.pdf, https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ous/international/usnei/us/grading.doc, https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4614-2359-1_4, http://laszlo-zsolnai.net/sites/default/files/3/documents/Reading%203%20Developing-leaders-in-a-vuca-environment.pdf, https://www.insidehighered.com/digital-learning/article/2020/03/25/how-shift-remote-learning-might-affect-students-instructors-and, https://ies.ed.gov/ncser/pubs/20133000/pdf/20133000.pdf, https://www.chronicle.com/article/More-Face-to-Face-Less/126163, https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED547410.pdf, https://www.axios.com/college-students-attend-class-fall-6e67fcec-3e9d-4a2d-92b7-be48cbe244f6.html?stream=top, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/12/us/coronavirus-live-news-updates.html, https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/its-my-fault-problem-role-self-compassion-vuca-world-wickremasinghe/, https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1260&context=pare, 1 The experience with remote instruction was unchanged, 3. Zhai, Y., & Du, X. Using these as the determining values for positive and negative outcomes, the results indicate that the experimental group performed significantly better than the control group as follows: Based on the excerpts shared by the participants, when discussing their ERT experience students expressed both negative and positive views. Other topics relate to the effects of social distancing, including emotional and mental health [30], [64], [74], [89], as well as socio-economic ramifications [4], [5], [40], [58], [65]. Depending on what LMS the institution is using, think of adopting tools such as announcements, class conversations and messages to not only inform students of course related items, but also of the crisis related news and information. Experimental groups were students who directly experienced ERT when their face to face classes were moved online to accommodate social distancing protocols. PMC legacy view Reflections about the impact of the SARS-COV-2/COVID-19 pandemic on mental health. Kopecky K.A., Zha T. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta; 2020. There were 190 students from control and 207 from experimental. Appligent AppendPDF Pro 5.5 Johansen B., Euchner J. Navigating the VUCA world. Crisis situations can create enhanced learning opportunities through the possibility of intracrisis learning, that is, learning that seeks to improve response during a single crisis episode ([59], p.189). Influence of COVID-19 confinement in students performance in higher education. An explanatory sequential design using qualitative and quantitative approaches was used. Barua S. Understanding Coronanomics: The economic implications of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Frequency Table for Computer Programming. That is because, although ERT and online/distance education environments are distinct entities, they are often mistaken to be synonymous, which is why skeptics may believe that ERT, like traditional digitized learning is not as high quality as face to face (f2f) instruction, and may not lead to desirable academic success [14], [39], [87], [88]). endstream endobj 312 0 obj<> endobj 313 0 obj<> endobj 314 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/ExtGState<>>> endobj 315 0 obj<> endobj 316 0 obj<> endobj 317 0 obj<> endobj 318 0 obj<> endobj 319 0 obj<> endobj 320 0 obj<>stream This by no means implies a push for remote learning without doing deeper dives into its pros and cons. [. Mobile computing devices in higher education: Student perspectives on learning with cellphones, smartphones & social media. As revealed in Young, T., & Hill, S. R. (2018). Although there is some evidence in the current literature regarding the negative emotional and psychological effects of pandemic- induced social distancing and ERT on stakeholders [15], [54], [56], [93], there is little information on whether this is affecting students performances negatively.